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SENATE No.  1. 

ADDRESS 

OF 

HIS    EXCELLENCY 

JOHN  A.   ANDREW, 

TO   THE 

TWO    BRANCHES 

OF   THE 

legislature  of  9tiiit(isttts« 

JANUARY    8,    1864. 


BOSTON: 

WRIGHT    &    POTTER,    STATE    PRINTERS, 

No.   4   SPRING   LANE. 

1864. 


FRED  LOCKLEY 

RARE  WESTERN  BOOKS 

4227  S.  E.  Stark  St. 
PORTLAND.  ORE. 


ES13 

A  3 

\8fcf 


ADDRESS. 


GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  SENATE  AND 

OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES  I — 

At  the  beginning  of  a  year  which  opens  full  of 
Hope  for  our  Country  and  for  the  cause  of  humanity 
succeeding  one  of  great  struggle  but  of  unexampled 
moral  and  military  progress,  we  cannot  fail  to  remem 
ber  the  religious  origin  of  our  Commonwealth,  nor  to 
perceive  in  the  workings  of  that  experience  by  which 
we  have  been  led  through  mutations  of  necessary 
trial  up  to  the  heights  of  many  a  victory,  the  ways  of 
an  Infinite  Intelligence  and  Love. 

The  interest  of  a  subject  so  fascinating  to  the 
imagination,  so  exciting  to  the  intellect,  and  so 
winning  to  the  heart,  attracts  us  to  the  consideration 
of  our  political  condition  and  National  opportunities, 
illumined  by  a  Celestial  Light.  But  we  can  pause 
only  for  the  moment,  while  we  pay  our  vows  at  the 
altar  of  a  new  consecration,  before  we  advance  to  the 
study  of  our  more  immediate  tasks  in  the  sphere  of 
government. 

tf 35057 


4  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

I.  propose  attempting  to  unfold  in  this  Address,  the 
external  history  (if  I  may  so  express  it,)  of  the 
relation  of  our  Commonwealth  to  the  movements  in 
which  she  has  borne  a  part,  and  those  material 
conditions  to  her  future  usefulness  of  which  legisla 
tion  can  take  cognizance. 

Finances. 

The  vigor  of  our  fiscal  condition  is  due  to  the  fear 
less  integrity  with  which  preceding  legislatures  have 
regarded  the  financial  wants  and  resources  of  the 
State.  Adapting  means  to  ends,  they  have  taxed 
these  resources  sufficiently  to  create  revenues  ade 
quate  to  our  duties  and  necessities.  It  will  become 
your  office,  gentlemen,  with  equal  confidence  in  the 
intelligent  patriotism  of  the  people,  in  like  manner  to 
require  such  material  contributions  to  the  common 
treasury  as  the  public  good  may  require,  with  the 
least  possible  resort  to  permanent  loans  or  any  of  the 

expedients  of  delay. 

The  receipts  and  payments  of  the  State  Treasury 

during  the  year  1863,  have  been  as  follows,  viz. : — 

RECEIPTS. 

State  Tax,  1862,   ....      $34,405  38 

State  Tax,  1863,   .        .         .         .  2,392,34400 

Bounty  Tax,  1863,        ,        .  '      .  3,324,274  74 

Amount  carried  forward,    .         .  $5,751,024  12 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  5 

Amount  brought  forward,    .      ;' .        .        .        .      $5,751,02412 
Bank  Tax,  1863,  .        .        .        .     $646,728  89 
Savings  Bank  Tax,  1863,       .        ,       400,080  01 

Insurance  Tax,  1863,     .         .         .       122,213  90 

1,169,022  80 

Other  sources,      ^ .         .         .  309,776  26 

*    $7,229,823  18 

PAYMENTS. 

Executive  Department,  .         .         .  $26,08331 

Secretary's  Department,  •       .         .  18,510  69 

Treasurer's  Department,         .       ,•  8,666  06 

Auditor's  Department,    .         .     , ,   .  7,082  72 

Attorney- General's  Department,     .  16,344  92 

Bank  Commissioners,      .         .         .  8,002  58 

Insurance  Commissioners,       .         .  5,461  06 

Agricultural  Department,        .     .    .  30,460  69 

Sergeant-at-Arms,  &c.,  .         .  14,959  63 

Judiciary  Department,    .         .         .  155,048  62 

Legislative  Department,         .         .  162,377  14 

Adjutant-General's  Department,     .  161,478  68 
State   aid   and    Reimbursement   of 

Bounties,  &c.,     ....  5,116,032  19 

Miscellaneous,        .         .         .     * .  212,702  64 

Charitable, 293,663  94 

Correctional,  .         .         .         .      :  .  83,948  96 

Interest,         .  .       407,773  87 

$6,728,597  70 


Surplus  receipts,     .         .      ".        .         .         .      $501,225  48 

Back  Bay  Lands. 

The  net  proceeds  of  sales  of  the  Back  Bay  lands 
during  the  past  year,  (419,269  sq.  ft.)  is  $857,925.23.' 

The  total  net  amount  from  the  beginning,  (1,190,440 
sq.  ft.)  is  $2,017,800. 


GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS. 


[Jan. 


There  have  been  paid  for  educational  purposes,  and 
funded  for  the  public  schools,  out  of  these  proceeds, 
the  following  sums,  viz. : — 


INSTITUTION. 

Amount  of 
Grant. 

Amount  paid  in 
1863. 

Total  amount 
paid. 

Museum  of  Comparative  Zo- 

$100,000  00 

$67,135  33 

$87,792  33 

Tufts  College,       . 

50,000  00 

37,606  00 

50,000  00 

Williams  College, 

25,000  00 

18,803  00 

25,000  00 

Amherst  College,  . 

25,000  00 

18,803  00 

25,000  00 

Wilbraham  Academy,  . 

25,000  00 

19,101  04 

25,000  00 

School  Fund, 

- 

279,457  88 

297,079  80 

$225,000  00 

$440,906  25 

$509,872  13 

There  has  been  paid  into  the  treasury,  for  redeeming  land 
scrip,  (in  full,) 

There  has  been  paid  into  the  treasury,  for  redeeming 
public  debt,  (under  chap.  235,  Acts  1856,)    . 


220,000  00 

300,000  00 
$1,029,872  13 


The  value  of  land  unsold,  but  filled  and  the  filling 
paid  for,  is  estimated  at  $1,500,000. 

There  remains  less  than  $13,000  to  be  paid 
the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  to  complete  the 
grant  of  $100,000  made  to  that  institution.  I  trust 
that  having  wisely  devoted  to  it  a  liberal  sum,  helping 
to  establish  one  of  the  most  celebrated  museums  of 
natural  history  in  the  world,  the  Commonwealth  will 
with  similar  wisdom  help  to  render  it  available  for 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  7 

the  instruction  of  the  people.  Classes  from  the  normal 
schools  and  advanced  classes  from  other  schools 
might  derive  the  highest  benefits  from  resorting  to 
the  Museum  and  studying  the  specimens,  aided  by  the 
lectures  of  its  distinguished  head  and  his  assistants. 
How  to  see,  how  to  study,  not  merely  how  to  learn  by 
rote  and  others'  thoughts,  but  how  to  think,  and  thus 
to  contribute  of  ourselves  to  science  and  learning, 
is  the  grand  problem  of  education. 

The  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History,  having  com 
pleted  its  new  building  on  the  land  granted  by  the 
Commonwealth  on  the  Back  Bay,  is  now  arranging 
its  museum.  A  fresh  impulse  has  been  given  to 
the  society  by  its  new  accommodations,  and  much 
benefit  may  be  expected  to  public  education  from  its 
large  and  growing  collections. 

The  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  having 
complied  with  the  conditions  of  the  Act  allotting  to  its 
use  a  portion  of  the  Back  Bay  lands,  has  commenced 
an  edifice  designed  especially  for  the  School  of  Indus 
trial  Science,  which  will  accommodate  the  Museum  of 
Arts  and  Manufactures  until  a  building  shall  be  erected 
at  the  western  end  of  the  assigned  space  correspond 
ing  to  that  of  the  Society  of  Natural  History.  The 
Institute  has  formally  accepted  the  Act  of  the 
Legislature  assigning*  to  its  use  a  portion  of  the  fund 


8  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

accruing  from  the  Congressional  grant  of  public  lands 
for  the  benefit  of  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts. 
Beside  its  operations  as  a  society  of  arts,  the  Institute 
is  preparing  to  open  courses  of  practical  instruction 
and  to  begin  the  organization  of  its  industrial  mu 
seum.  The  liberality  which  has  enabled  it  to  pursue 
its  plans  of  practical  education  is  evidence  of  the  wise 
foresight  that  accompanies  the  patriotic  activity  of 
the  people,  and  is  a  guaranty  of  expanding  usefulness. 

Military  Bounties — State  Aid. 

By  chapter  91  of  the  Acts  of  1862,  the  Governor 
was  "  authorized  to  offer  and  pay  bounties,  not 
exceeding  the  rate  of  $50  each,  to  volunteers  for  the 
military  service  of  the  United  States  who  may  here 
after  enlist  and  be  duly  mustered  into  the  said  service 
during  the  present  war,"  and  by  chapter  254  of  the 
Acts  of  1863,  passed  at  the  extra  Session,  November 
18th,  the  bounty  was  increased  to  $325  in  hand,  or,  at 
the  election  of  the  volunteer,  $50  in  hand  with  a 
monthly  pay  or  bounty  of  $20  during  the  term  of 
service,  to  be  paid  to  each  volunteer  who  has  been  or 
hereafter  shall  be  mustered  into  the  military  service 
of  the  United  States. 

Drafted  men  are  clearly  not  included  in  the  pro 
visions  of  either  of  these  statutes.  It  has  been  con- 


1864.]     *  SENATE— No.  1.  9 

tended,  however,  that  substitutes  for  drafted  men, 
as  being  volunteers,  are  therefore  within  the  terms  of 
the  statute,  and  although  a  strictly  literal  interpreta 
tion  of  the  law  might  authorize  the  payment  of 
this  bounty  to  them,  yet  I  have  not  thought  that 
such  was  the  true  intent  of  the  Act.  I  have 
been  unwilling  so  to  construe  its  provisions  that 
a  person  who  has  declined  to  volunteer  in  his  own 
behalf,  but  has  reserved  himself  in  order  to  sell  out  to 
some  drafted  citizen,  should  receive  from  the  Common 
wealth  the  bounty  originally  offered  by  her  to  the 
volunteer,  but  denied  to  the  drafted  man  in  whose 
shoes  the  substitute  stands.  Nor  have  I  believed  it 
to  be  politic  to  accord  to  that  class  of  soldiers 
known  as  substitutes,  a  favor  not  granted  to  the 
citizen  who  obeyed  the  call  of  his  country  by 
rendering  his  own  personal  service  when  drafted. 
The  statute  alluded  to  authorized  the  Governor  to 
pay  such  bounties,  but  did  not  make  it  imperative  on 
him.  I  respectfully  lay  the  matter  before  you  for 
such  action  as  may  seem  expedient. 

Under  this  statute,  another  question  has  been  fre 
quently  raised  whether  the  Commonwealth  could  law 
fully  recognize  orders  given  by  volunteers  to  third  parties 
prior  to  their  own  muster  into  the  service  of  the  United 
States.  I  have  been  unable  to  put  such  a  construc- 

2 


10  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

tion  upon  this  Act  as  to  authorize  me  to  recognize  such 
orders.  By  the  terms  of  the  Act,  the  bounty  is  to  be 
paid  to  volunteers  who  "  shall  enlist  and  be  duly  mus 
tered  into  the  military  service  of  the  United  States," 
so  that  no  man  can  lawfully  be  paid  who  is  not  mus 
tered,  and  it  is  obvious  that  to  accept  such  orders  in 
advance  of  muster  is,  in  effect,  to  pay  the  bounty  prior 
to  muster,  thus  creating  the  very  mischief  which,  by 
making  the  muster-in  a  condition  precedent  to  the 
payment  of  the  bounty,  the  Legislature  intended  to 
avoid.  It  is  evident  that  if  a  volunteer,  having  re 
ceived  an  advance  from  a  third  party,  on  such 
an  order,  should  subsequently  repudiate  his  obliga 
tion,  should  desert,  avoid  or  refuse  muster,  or  should 
be  rejected  by  the  mustering  officer  when  offered  for 
muster,  the  paymaster,  under  such  circumstances-,  would 
have  no  right  to  pay  him,  and  the  lender  must  sustain 
a  loss  ;  and  if  such  advance  had  been  made  under  the 
sanction  or  approval  of  the  Governor,  the  lender  would 
have  just  cause  of  complaint  that  such  encouragement 
had  tended  to  mislead  him. 

I  am  clearly  of  opinion  that  the  provisions  of  the 
Legislature  in  this  Act  were,  in  this  respect,  prudent 
not  less  to  prevent  the  fraud,  oppression  and  cruelty 
practised  upon  recruits,  than  to  prevent  a  wrongful 
depletion  of  the  treasury  of  the  Commonwealth.  Not 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  11 

only  am  I  satisfied  of  the  correctness  of  the  conclusions 
which  have  been  reached  upon  this  subject  and  the 
principles  they  involve,  but  the  experience  of  a  few 
days  only  hi  the  practical  working  of  the  system 
adopted,  impressively  illustrated  the  correctness  of  the 
position  assumed. 

In  consequence  of  an  order  from  the  office  of  the 
Adjutant-General  of  the  United  States,  dated  Novem 
ber  27,  1863,  providing  that  "  All  men  who  in  future 
enlist  into  the  regular  army,  under  the  late  call  of  the 
President  for  troops,  will  be  credited  upon  the  quota 
of  the  district  in  which  they  enlist,"  I  recommend 
that  the  various  Acts  providing  for  bounties,  and 
also  those  in  aid  of  the  families  of  volunteers,  be 
extended  to  meet  the  cases  of  persons  enlisting  as 
soldiers  in  the  regular  army  and  credited  to  this 
Commonwealth  in  the  same  manner  as  are  the  State 
volunteers. 

I  also  respectfully  recommend  such  a  modification 
of  the  laws  relating  to  State  relief  to  the  families  of 
soldiers,  as  to  include  all  such  families,  irrespective 
of  their  residence,  and  to  authorize  relief  to  be  given 
retroactively  when  the  situation  of  a  family  may  re 
quire  it.  The  not  calling  for  State  relief  until  neces 
sity  for  it  exists,  ought  to  be  rewarded,  and  not  to  be 
deemed  a  reason  for  its  denial.  The  rise  of  prices  and 


12  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

of  ,wages  at  home  has  put  the  soldiers  already  in  the 
field  under  former  calls,  at  a  disadvantage.  Tt  bears 
heavily  on  their  dependent  relatives.  And  while  the 
people  feel  themselves  rich  enough  to  offer  large 
bounties  to  new  volunteers,  the  relief  laws  for  pro 
tection  against /want  ought  to  be  liberal  in  their  terms, 
and  liberal  in  their  administration  towards  the  families 
of  these  noble  veterans  who  have  borne  and  must 
still  endure  the  brunt  of  war.  Every  case  of  reason 
able  expectation  disappointed,  is  an  injury  td  the  gen 
eral  service.  It  weakens  the  confidence  of  many 

» 
people,  who,  in  humble  life  and  narrow  circumstances, 

cherish  with  even  pathetic  devotion  the  spirit  of 
patriotism,  and  whose  very  remoteness  from  the  pos 
session  of  power  renders  them  peculiarly  sensitive  to 
apparent  injustice  or  want  of  consideration. 

Scrip — Interest. 

The  last  legislature  at  its  special  session  made  only 
temporary  provision  for  the  payment  of  the  bounties 
to  volunteers.  It  will  be  necessary  to  provide  either 
by  tax  or  by  the  sale  of  the  scrip  of  the  Common 
wealth,  for  reimbursement  of  the  sums  borrowed  for 
this  purpose.  I  assume  that  a  portion  must  be 
obtained  by  loan.  The  difference  between  the 
market  value  of  scrip  bearing  interest  payable  in 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  13 

coin,  and  that  bearing  interest  payable  in  currency, 
is  found  not  equivalent  to  the  difference  in  the 
expense  to  the  State  of^  buying  the  gold  with 
which  the  interest  is  paid.  I  therefore  respectfully 
commend  the  subject  to  the  attention  of  the  Legisla 
ture.  The  faith  of  the  State  is  pledged  to  the  pay 
ment  of  interest  on  all  outstanding  bonds  in  coin,  but 
no  such  pledge,  express  or  implied,  as  yet  attaches  to 
future  issues. 

I  also  recommend  the  creation  of  a  sinking 
fund  for  the  redemption  of  all  new  securities  which 
may  be  issued.  With  inconsiderable  exceptions  it 
has  been  the  policy  of  the  Commonwealth  to  accom 
pany  every  issue  of  scrip  with  a  sinking  fund  which 
should  secure  its  redemption  before  maturity.  This 
policy  should  not  be  departed  from  in  any  instance. 
And  I  have  no  doubt  we  shall  maintain  the  credit| 
of  the  Commonwealth  unimpaired,  even  under  the 
strain  created  by  the  exigencies  of  the  war. 

Reimbursement  Bounty  Act. 

By  the  Act  of  the  legislature  of  last  year,  to  pro 
vide  for  reimbursement  of  municipal  bounties  paid  to 
volunteers,  and  to  apportion  and  assess  a  tax  therefor, 
(Acts  of  1863,  ch.  218,)  provision  was  made  for  these 
objects,  and  returns  were  ordered  to  be  made  to  me, 


14  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

of  bounties    paid   to   volunteers    mustered   into    the 
military  service  of  the  United  States  under  the  calls 
of  July    and    August,    1862,    which    returns    were 
to   be   made   in   the  forms  I  should  prescribe.      In 
pursuance  of  the  statute,  I   issued  an  order  on  the 
13th  of  May  last,  directing  such  returns  to  be  made, 
under   oath,   by  the   mayor   and  aldermen   and   city 
treasurer  of  each  city,  and  the   selectmen  and  town 
treasurer  of  every  town.     These  returns  were  exam 
ined,  compared  and  revised  under  my  direction ;  and 
the  amount  to  be  reimbursed  to  each  city  or  town  was 
thus    ascertained,    amounting,   in   the    aggregate,   to 
$3,418,640.50.     By  the  provisions  of  the  Act,  reim 
bursement  was  limited  to  $100  for  each  volunteer. 
Several  towns  had  paid  higher  rates  of  bounty  and 
therefore  do  not  receive  back  the  full  amount  which 
Ithey  have  paid  out.     The  whole  amount  of  bounties 
paid  was  $4,596,046.45;  and  the  excess  of  $1,177,- 
405.95,  is  not  provided  for  in  the  Act,  and  was  not 
intended  to  be. 

Under  the  provisions  of  the  same  Act,  I  certified  the 
amounts  of  reimbursement  to  the  treasurer  of  the 
Commonwealth  and  to  the  assessors  of  the  several 
cities  and  towns,  on  the  12th  day  of  August  last.  The 
treasurer  apportioned  the  aggregate  of  the  amount 
among  the  several  cities  and  towns,  in  the  same 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  15 

manner  as  the  aggregate  of  the  annual  State  tax  for  the 
current  year  is  apportioned,  for  the  purpose  of  raising 
the  same  by  taxation,  or  such  other  mode  of  payment 
as  the  towns  and  cities  should  elect  under  the  statute. 
But  in  consequence  of  changes  since  the  valuation  of 
1860,  such  assessment  does  not  produce  the  amount 
required,  and  there  is  a  deficiency  of  $4,888.67  which 
must  be  provided  for  by  a  specific  appropriation.  The 
tax  assessed  agreeably  to  the  terms  of  the  statute 
and  according  to  the  valuation  of  1860,  falls  short, 
as  every  State  tax  since  1861  has  done,  by  the  sum 
of  $1.43  in  every  $1,000,  the  tax  to  reimburse 
$3,418,640.50,  producing  only  $3,413,751.83. 

The  errors  in  computing  the  State  tax5<  as  the 
laws  now  exist,  arise  from  the  following  causes. 
A  rate  of  taxation  was  fixed  for  every  town  and  city 
in  the  Commonwealth,  by  the  valuation  committee  of/ 
1860.  The  Act  of  1861,  chapter  110,  following  the 
tables  prepared  by  the  committee,  required  each  town 
or  city  to  pay  a  certain  sum  for  every  thousand  dollars 
of  State  tax  that  should  be  raised.  These  rates  were, 
by  the  same  statute,  required  to  remain  in  force  for 
ten  years.  By  the  transfer  of  Pawtucket  to  Rhode 
Island  a  deficiency  was  created  of  $2.37  in  every 
$1,000.  By  chapter  211  of  the  Acts  of  1861  the 
ratio  of  North  Eeading  was  changed  from  $2.12  to 


16  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

$0.66,  causing  a  loss  of  $1.46  in  every  $1,000.  By 
chapter  132  of  the  Acts  of  1862  the  ratio  of  Seekonk 
was  changed  from  $1.57  to  $0.56,  causing  a  loss  of 
$1.01  in  every  $1,000.  And  by  chapter  66  of  the 
Acts  of  1863  the  ratio  of  Halifax  was  changed  from 
$0.45  to  $0.40,  causing  a  loss  of  $0.05  in  every 
$1,000.  There  was  also  an  error  in  addition  for 
Franklin  County,  causing  a  deficiency  of  $0.01  in 
every  $1,000.  The  ratio  of  Fall  River  was  raised  by 
chapter  132  of  the  Acts  of  1862;  and  there  was  an 
error  of  $1.25  in  the  addition  for  Middlesex  County. 
The  latter  two  variations  tend  to  increase  the  aggre 
gate,  but  they  are  insufficient  to  compensate  for  the 
opposite  alterations  before  mentioned;  and  there  is 
still  a  deficiency  of  $1.43  in  every  $1,000  of  State  tax 
that  is  raised,  which  will  recur  in  every  State  tax 
until  correction  is  applied. 

These  errors  arose  from  making  partial  changes  in 
favor  of  individual  towns,  without  making  corres 
ponding  general  changes  in  regard  to  the  whole  basis 
of  apportionment,  and  also  by  omission  to  provide 
for  the  losses  by  the  transfer  of  Pawtucket  to 
Rhode  Island  and  by  the  error  in  addition  for  Franklin 
County.  The  remedy  will  be,  a  revision  of  the 
schedule  established  as  the  basis  of  apportionment  by 
chapter  110  of  the  Acts  of  1861,  and  the  passage  of 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  17 

an  Act  corresponding  to  such  revision,  so  that  the 
aggregate  of  amounts  to  be  paid  by  each  town  and 
city  upon  every  $1,000  of  State  tax,  shall  amount  in 
full  to  $1,000.  After  that  is  done,  no  change 
should  be  made  in  favor  of  any  individual  town 
without  making  a  corresponding  revision  of  the 
schedule  in  order  to  provide  for  the  deficiency. 
Such  revision,  however,  will  not  supply  the  defi 
ciency  which  has  occurred  under  the  Act  respecting 
the  reimbursement  of  bounties  ;  and  a  specific11  appro 
priation,  as  before  stated,  will  be  necessary  to  make 
up  the  balance  of  that  reimbursement. 

Troy  and  Greenfield  Railroad,  and  Hoosac  Tunnel. 

The  enterprise  of  constructing  the  Hoosac  Tunnel 
is  in  vigorous  progress,  under  the  management  of 
its  able  and  experienced  Commissioners.  The  con 
struction  of  the  road  lying  east  of  the  mountain,  of 
which  the  eastern  terminus  is  in  Greenfield,  is  not  yet 
resumed.  Certain  questions  of  title,  springing  from 
what  is  called  "  The  Smith  Mortgage,"  seemed  to 
render  it  improper  that  the  Governor  and  Council 
should  assume  that  responsibility  in  advance  of 
judicial  determination.  The  Attorney-General  of  the 
Commonwealth  was  charged  with  instituting  pro 
ceedings  to  bring  these  questions  before  the  Supreme 


18  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

Judicial  Court  for  adjudication,  and  I  am  advised  by 
him  that  measures  are  in  progress  to  accomplish 
that  end. 

A  Report  has  been  made  by  the  Commissioners  to 
the  Governor  and  Council,  bringing  down  to  the  close 
of  the  last  calendar  year  an  account  of  their  doings 
and  expenditures.  This  document,  with  various  legal 
opinions  in  writing,  and  the  record  of  the  proceed 
ings  of  the  Governor  and  Council  in  relation  to  the 
Railroad  and  the  Tunnel,  may  all  be  important 
for  consultation,  should  the  Legislature  find  occasion 
to  consider  any  matter  pertaining  to  the  enterprise,  or 
should  any  new  legislation  be  invoked  concerning  it. 
I  think  that  a  Committee  of  the  Legislature  ought 
annually  to  examine  the  progress  of  the  work,  the 
reports  made  to  the  Executive  Department,  and  the 
contracts  authorized,  so  as  to  understand  the  general 
economy  of  the  management.  But  I  do  not  think 
that  either  economy  or  efficiency  requires,  or  is  even 
consistent  with,  annually  publishing  the  precise  meas 
ures  planned  by  the  Commissioners.  To  do  so  would 
sometimes  be  fatal  or  injurious  to  their  success. 

Warrants  have  been  ordered,  during  the  past  year, 
for  the  payment  of  $21,993.49  in  liquidation  of  land 
damages,  and  $153,006.51  in  liquidation  of  claims 
.against  H.  Haupt  &  Company  for  materials,  service 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  19 

and  labor,  which  were  presented  before  the  Com 
missioners  and  allowed  by  them  under  the  Act  of 
1862.  These  amounts  represented  indebtedness  in 
curred  under  the  former  management,  all  of  which, 
except  the  land  damage  claims,  ought  to  have  been 
paid  out  of  means  afforded  by  the  scrip  of  the  Com 
monwealth  heretofore  issued.  These  payments  are 
therefore  in  the  nature  of  a  second  payment  for  the 
same  thing. 

The  progress  during  the  year  1863,  is  rather  in 
preparation  than  in  construction.  But  a  large  force 
— of  about  350  men — is  now  employed,  and  the 
wrork  is  fully  begun. 

The  payments  from  the  Treasury  on  account  of 
the  Tunnel,  for  expenditures  incident  to  the  business 
of  the  last  year,  and  to  meet  expenses  of  the  year 
1862,  are  $53,503.06.  Of  this  sum,  $40,000  were 
placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Commissioners  for 
disbursement,  pursuant  to  the  statute  of  1863. 

The  expenditure  the  Tunnel  will  require  during 
the  current  year,  is  estimated  by  the  Commissioners 
at  $300,000. 

The  original  Tunnel  Loan  provided  for,  was 
$2,000,000.  Its  un-issued  balance  being  $1,211,000, 
was  by  the  Act  of  1863,  chap.  214,  appropriated 
to  the  execution  of  the  work  under  the  new  system 


20  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

of*  direct  State  supervision,  originating  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  1862.  To  the  payments  during  the  past 
year,  already  mentioned,  there  is  to  be  added  the 
interest  paid  on  scrip.  The  scrip  issued  in  1863, 
was  $209,000. 

Harbors   and   Flats. 

The  preliminary  surveys  of  Boston  Harbor,  pros 
ecuted  under  the  direction  of  the  Commissioners 
of  the  Coast  Survey  on  the  part  of  the  United 
States,  have  been  completed.  The  results  are  nearly 
in  a  condition  to  be  reported.  In  the  meantime 
measures  are  in  progress  to  ascertain  the  course 
to  be  recommended  for  the  management  and  disposal 
of  the  Flats  belonging  to  the  Commonwealth, 
between  South  Boston  and  the  channel,  and  also 
for  the  preservation  of  the  Harbor  of  Boston. 
The  Commonwealth  Commissioners  on  Harbors  and 
Flats  hope  to  be  able  to  make  an  early  report 
thereon  to  the  present  Legislature.  In  the  meantime 
I  am  advised  by  their  Chairman  that  by  communi 
cations  from  the  United  States  Commissioners,  they 
are  warranted  in  urging  attention  to  the  importance 
of  some  immediate  action  to  protect  the  outer  harbor  of 
Boston  from  the  constant  and  rapid  action  of  the  winds 
and  waves  upon  the  islands  forming  its  outer  barriers, 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  21 

which  threatens,  if  not  soon  arrested,  to  cause  irrepa 
rable  injury.  From  the  high  character  of  the  Com 
mission  which  has  had  this  subject  under  consideration 
on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  and  from  the  urgency 
of  the  measure  in  their  judgment,  the  Commonwealth's 
Commissioners  have  deemed  it  their  duty  to  make 
this  communication  to  myself  in  advance  of  a 
more  extended  report  upon  the  subjects  referred  to 
them.  I  commend  to  the  General  Court,  not  only  this 
most  commanding  subject  of  the  harbor  of  Boston, 
but  also  the  scheme  of  reclaiming  the  flats  in  Boston 
Harbor,  which,  as  related  to  the  treasury  of  the 
State  and  the  business  of  the  people,  is  of  the  first 
importance. 

Pleuro-  Pneumonia. 

I  have  the  honor  to  communicate  to  the  Legisla 
ture  a  Report  of  the  late  Commissioners  on  contagious 
diseases  of  cattle ;  also,  a  report  made  to  me  by  a 
gentleman  who  was  authorized  under  chapter  75  of 
the  Resolves  of  1863,  "to  make  experiments  on 
Pleuro-Pneumonia  among  cattle  so  far  as  it  relates  to 
the  laws  of  transmission " ;  also,  a  communication 
from  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Agriculture,  pre 
senting  with  great  force  of  argument  and  with  much 
evidence,  his  views  of  the  importance  of  thorough  and 


22  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

immediate  treatment,  in  order  to  eradicate  the  disease 
from  the  Commonwealth.  This  supposed  contagion 
has  also  been  made  matter  of  personal  commu 
nication  to  the  Executive  Department  by  num 
bers  of  eminent  farmers.  I  have  thought  it 
my  duty,  therefore,  to  place  the  documents  alluded 
to  in  immediate  possession  of  the  General  Court, 
respectfully  invoking  their  earnest  and  intelligent 
consideration  of  the  subject. 

Tax   on   Non-resident   Stockholders    in    Massachusetts 
Corporations. 

"  An  Act  to  levy  a  tax  on  the  stock  of  corporations 
held  by  persons  whose  residence  is  out  of  the  Com 
monwealth,"  was  adopted  by  the  last  General  Court, 
to  which  it  becomes  important  that  further  considera 
tion  should  be  extended.  My  attention  has  been 
especially  attracted  to  this  statute  by  friendly  remon 
strances  which  have  reached  the  Executive  Depart 
ment  from  those  authorized  to  represent  the  people 
of  other  States,  as  well  as  by  suggestions  from  other 
sources,  not  addressed  to  myself  either  officially  or 
personally,  of  retaliatory  legislation. 

While  I  do  not  overlook  the  abuses  which  this 
Act  was  intended  to  prevent,  I  am  bound  to  suggest 
the  inquiry,  whether  its  probable  advantages  will  com 
pensate  its  tendency  to  prevent  investments  of  foreign 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  23 

capital  in  Massachusetts,  to  invite  disproportionate 
taxation  of  Massachusetts  capital  invested  in  other 
States,  and  to  alienate  the  feelings  of  our  neighbors, 
creating  hostility  of  sentiment  towards  our  Common 
wealth.  Having  officially  participated  in  giving  to 
this  measure  the  force  of  law,  I  am  the  more 
obliged  to  recommend  its  re -examination. 

Whether  it  bears  upon  property  owned  here  by 
citizens  of  other  States,  or  by  people  of  foreign 
countries,  the  reasons  of  policy  which  affect  our 
opinion  of  this  Act,  differ  perhaps  sometimes  in 
degree,  but  not  in  their  kind.  While  difference  in 
degree  alone,  on  a  question  of  mere  public  expe 
diency,  may  be  sufficiently  decisive  to  produce  a 
difference  of  conclusion,  I  freely  confess  that  I  do 
not  perceive  in  the  present  instance  a  difference  so 
decisive.  There  remains,  however,  the  graver  objec 
tion  of  its  doubtful  constitutionality.  The  second 
section  of  the  fourth  article  of  the  Federal  Constitution 
declares  that  "  the  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be 
entitled  to  all  the  privileges  and  immunities  of  citizens 
of  the  several  States,"  and  immunity  or  exemption 
from  higher  taxes  or  impositions  than  are  paid  by 
citizens  of  the  State  by  which  they  are  levied  or 
imposed,  is  one  of  the  classes  of  privilege  or 
immunity  which  have  been  judicially  enumerated  as 


24  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

within  the  category  intended  by  that  clause  of 
the  Constitution.  This  provision  is  held  by  consti 
tutional  jurists  to  include  all  those  privileges  and 
immunities  which  are  in  their  nature  fundamental, 
belonging  of  right  to  the  citizens  of  all  free  govern 
ments.  Such  are  the  right  to  the  protection  of  life 
and  liberty,  the  right  to  acquire  and  enjoy  property, 
and  to  pay  no  higher  impositions  than  other  citizens. 
The  Constitution  of  Massachusetts,  (Chapter  1, 
Section  1,  Article  4,)  gives  power  and  authority 

"  To  the  General  Court,  to  impose  and  levy  proportional  and 
reasonable  assessments,  rates  and  taxes,  upon  all  the  inhabi 
tants  of,  and  persons  resident,  and  estates  lying,  within  the 
said  Commonwealth  ;  and  also  to  impose  and  levy  reasonable 
duties  and  excises  upon  any  produce,  goods,  wares,  merchan 
dise,  and  commodities  whatsoever,  brought  into,  produced, 
manufactured  or  being  within  the  same." 

The    same  article  further  prescribes  that 

"  In  order  that  such  assessments  may  be  made  with  equality, 
there  shall  be  a  valuation  of  estates  within  the  Common 
wealth,  taken  anew  once  in  every  ten  years." 

The  first  section  of  the  statute  in  question  requires 
every  corporation  paying  dividends,  to  reserve  from 
each  and  every  dividend  one-fifteenth  part  of  that 
portion  due  and  payable  to  its  stockholders  residing 
out  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  to  pay  it  "as  a  tax  or 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  25 

excise  on  such  estate  or  commodity."  The  words 
"  estate  or  commodity  "  are  understood  to  apply  to  these 
dividends.  Thus  the  tax  or  excise  is  laid  on  certain 
"  dividends  "  denominated  "  estates  or  commodities." 
And  it  is  laid  on  the  dividends  due  and  payable  by  the 
same  corporation  to  some  of  its  stockholders,  but  not 
on  those  due  to  other  stockholders.  Were  the  statute 
to  make  such  a  discrimination  between  stockholders 
residing  in  Massachusetts,  as  for  example  that  Berk 
shire  stockholders  should  be  subject  to  the  tax  or 
excise,  while  Nantucket  should  be  exempt  from  it,  no 
one  would  doubt  that  the  statute  was  in  collision  with 
the  principles  of  the  Constitution.  It  would  be  held 
on  all  hands  neither  "  reasonable  "  nor  "  proportional," 
and  the  assessment  not  "  made  with  equality." 
But  the  Constitution  not  only  requires  that  "  assess 
ments,  rates  and  taxes  "  shall  be  "  proportional  and 
reasonable,"  and  "  made  with  equality"  "  upon  all  the 
inhabitants  and  persons  resident,"  but  also  upon 
"  estates  lying  "  within  the  Commonwealth. 

"  Taxes  "  on  "  estates,"  therefore,  must  be  "  propor 
tional"  and  "made  with  equality,"  as  well  as  taxes  upon 
"  inhabitants "  and  "  persons  resident."  So  that  if 
these  dividends  are  "  estates,"  then  the  tax  on  them 
is  unconstitutional,  because  laid  unequally;  i.  e.,  not 
laid  on  all  the  shares  of  the  same  corporation.  But  the 


26  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

statute  also  calls  the  payment  it  demands,  an  "  excise," 
or  rather,  calls  it  a  "  tax  or  excise"  in  the  alternative.  So 
in  like  manner  it  calls  the  thing  taxed  an  "  estate  or 
commodity"  in  the  alternative.  It  may  be  contended, 
then,  that  if  as  a  tax  it  is  unconstitutionally  laid  on  an 
estate,  yet,  as  an  excise  it  is  constitutionally  laid  on  a 
commodity.  But  it  could  not  be  thought  reasonable 
that  if  one  inhabitant  produced,  manufactured,  or 
brought  a  commodity  into  the  Commonwealth,  it  should 
be  subject  to  an  excise,  while  if  the  same  thing  were 
done  by  another  inhabitant,  it  should  escape  the 
excise  —  save  in  those  cases  where,  as  a  police  regu 
lation,  to  preserve  order,  prevent  abuse,  and  protect 
society  itself,  individuals,  with  a  view  to  the  public 
good,  are  selected  to  be  licensed  or  permitted  to 
keep,  vend  or  use  certain  commodities,  subject  to  the 
burden  of  a  reasonable  imposition.  And,  while  the 
citizens  of  other  States  have  the  same  "  immunities" 
enjoyed  by  those  of  our  own  State,  I  think  the  argu 
ment  equally  strong,  if  instead  of  using  the  word 
"inhabitant,"  I  had  used  the  phrase  "  citizen  of  any 
State." 

It  will  be  noticed  that  in  the  Constitution  "  excises" 
are  mentioned  in  immediate  connection  with  "  duties" 
and  that  the  same  provision  as  to  their  reasonableness 
is  made  concerning  both,  and  in  the  same  sentence. 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  27 

While  "  duties "  was  probably  used  in  the  sense 
of  an  imposition  on  imports  and  exports,  "excises" 
was  the  term  probably  used  to  define  an  inland  imposi 
tion,  which  is  sometimes  laid  upon  the  consumption 
of  a  commodity,  and  frequently  upon  its  retail  sale 
which  is  the  last  stage  before  consumption.  Both 
these  terms  apply  to  things  in  the  nature  of  "  goods 
and  produce,  wares,  merchandise,  and  commodities 
brought  into,  produced,  manufactured,  or  being 
within"  the  Commonwealth. 

The  term  "commodities"  is  plainly  intended,  I  think, 
to  cover  all  of  the  "  commodious,"  that  is  to  say, 
useful  or  convenient,  things  of  the  same  general 
description  as  goods,  wares,  and  merchandise,  which 
are  capable  of  production,  manufacture,  transporta 
tion  or  of  existence,  either  brought  into  the  State 
or  to  be  found  within  it.  But  a  dividend  cannot  be 
such  a  commodity.  A  dividend  due  from  a  company 
to  a  shareholder  is  an  incorporeal  interest  in  profits,  or 
a  right  in  action  for  money  belonging  to  the  owner  of 
that  species  of  incorporeal  property  known  as  stock  or 
shares  in  a  corporation.  In  a  word,  the  corporation, 
as  an  artificial  person,  owes  certain  profits  or  earnings 
to  its  shareholders,  which  they  have  a  right  to  demand 
and  receive.  Our  statute  taxes  the  right.  Can 
Massachusetts  lay  a  tax  on  just  demands  of  creditors 


28  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

who  are  citizens  of  other  States,  against  her  own 
inhabitants,  not  laid  on  similar  demands  of  her  own 
citizens  ?  If  she  can,  then  the  citizens  of  Massachu 
setts  possess  an  "immunity,"  in  spite  of  the  Federal 
Constitution,  not  shared  with  them  by  citizens  of 
other  States. 

The  exercise  of  the  power  of  levying  duties  and 
excises  has  been  held  to  include  the  imposition  of 
an  excise  upon  certain  sources  of  emolument  and 
profit,  not  strictly  called  property,  but  which  are 
rather  to  be  considered  as  the  means  of  acquiring 
property,  as  for  example,  the  privilege  of  using 
particular  branches  of  business,  like  those  of  attorney, 
auctioneer,  or  innholder.  So,  also,  it  includes  the 
franchise  of  a  corporation.  In  these  instances,  the 
convenience,  privilege  or  franchise  is  deemed  to  be  a 
"  commodity  "  within  the  meaning  of  the  Constitution. 
But  in  like  manner  it  has  been  also  determined 
that  such  taxes  must  undoubtedly  be  equal,  in  the 
sense  of  operating  upon  all  persons  exercising  the 
convenience,  privilege,  franchise,  or  commodity,  so 
taxed.  It  is  contrary  to  the  principles  of  natural 
justice  to  make  an  arbitrary  discrimination  between 
citizens  or  subjects,  not  founded  in  the  reason  of 
the  thing ;  and  an  excise  laid  in  disregard  of  those 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  29 

principles,  would  be  unreasonable,  within  the  meaning 
of  the  Constitution. 


State  Charitable  and  Correctional  Institutions. 
The  Board  of  State  Charities  constituted  in  obe 
dience  to  an  Act  of  the  last  General  Court,  was 
inaugurated  on  the  first  day  of  October.  It  is 
required,  among  other  things,  to  investigate  and  super 
vise  the  whole  system  of  the  public  Charitable  and 
Correctional  Institutions  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  to 
recommend  whatever  changes  or  provisions  it  may  deem 
necessary  for  their  economical  and  efficient  administra 
tion.  The  law  establishing  this  Board,  to  a  portion 
only  of  whose  duties  I  have  alluded,  was  the  result  of 
great  deliberation  and  matured  reflection  by  two  suc 
ceeding  Legislatures.  I  venture  therefore  to  express 
the  opinion  that  a  fair  opportunity  to  test  its  working 
ought  to  be  allowed,  and  that  existing  legislation  con 
cerning  the  Institutions  in  question  should  remain 
undisturbed  until  the  Board  shall  have  had  the  term 
of  at  least  one  full  year  within  which  to  pursue  its 
inquiries  and  report  its  own  recommendations. 
Although  I  have  enjoyed  the  means  of  sharing  as  an 
executive  officer  in  the  results  of  its  observations,  I 
think  it  my  own  duty  to  forbear  comment  at  the 
present  time  on  any  .portion  of  that  general  subject 


30  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

especially  committed  to  the  oversight  of  the  Board. 
When  it  shall  have  prepared  those  full  and  complete 
reports  contemplated  by  the  Act,  it  may  be  important 
that  the  General  Court,  and  the  Chief  Executive 
Magistrate  for  the  time  being,  should  engage  in  the 
discussion. 

One  piece  of  legislation,  however,  adopted  the  last 
year,  deserves  immediate  attention.  It  is  that  which 
forbids  the  commitment  to  the  Reform  School,  of  any 
boy  below  the  age  of  eleven  years.  So  long  as  boys 
less  than  eleven  years  old  are  deemed  capable  in  law 
of  the  commission  of  crime,  I  respectfully  submit  that 
it  is  the  duty  of  lawgivers  to  provide  for  them  a 
punishment  better  fitted  to  their  tender  age  than 
imprisonment  in  Jail  or  House  of  Correction. 

I  dismiss  this  topic,  presenting  with  this  Address  a 
Report  to  the  Governor  and  Council,  made  by  Hon. 
Alfred  Hitchcock,  in  his  capacity  of  a  Councillor 
and  also  a  member  of  the  Special  Commission  on 
Lunacy  appointed  under  chapter  91  of  the  Resolves 
of  1863,  on  the  subject  of  a  Hospital  for  the  curative 
treatment  of  Inebriates.  I  earnestly  invoke  for  this 
eloquent  and  ably  reasoned  document  on  a  subject 
too  long  neglected,  the  attention  of  the  General 
Court. 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  31 

I  have  on  former  occasions  alluded  to  the 
absence  of  uniformity  in  the  government,  economy 
and  discipline  of  our  penal  institutions,  and  to  a 
fact,  somewhat  remarkable,  that  while  a  man  may 
be  sentenced  to  the  State  Prison,  where  he  would  be 
under  the  immediate  guardianship  of  officers  and  in 
spectors  appointed  by  and  responsible  directly  to  the 
Commonwealth,  he  may  also  for  the  very  same  offence, 
at  the  discretion  of  the  same  judge,  be  sent  to  the 
House  of  Correction,  where,  though  convicted  and  pun 
ished  for  breaking  the  laws  of  the  State,  he  would  be 
governed  and  disciplined  wholly  by  officers  over  whom 
the  Commonwealth  exerts  no  control.  I  respectfully 
submit  that  abdicating  this  control  does  not  discharge 
the  responsibility  of  the  Commonwealth ;  and  I 
trust  that  the  condition  of  our  county  prisons  and 
prisoners,  and  the  character  of  their  discipline  and 
treatment,  will  receive  the  faithful  attention  of  the 
General  Court. 

Education  of  Deaf  Mutes. 

The  amount  annually  appropriated  for  the  support  of 
indigent  pupils  at  the  American  Asylum,  at  Hartford, 
for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  has  for  several  years  fallen 
short  of  what  is  required.  The  number  of  our  State 
pupils  is  eighty-eight,  of  whom  seventy-one  have 


32  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

been  under  instruction  for  one  year  and  upwards, 
and  seventeen  were  introduced  last  year.  Many  de 
serving  cases  have,  for  want  of  vacancies,  been  post 
poned  from  year  to  year,  until  last  summer  I  found  it 
imperative  that  the  number  of  State  pupils  should  be 
increased.  I  accordingly  issued  warrants  for  the  ad 
mission  of  eight  pupils  in  addition  to  the  number  (80) 
which  has  been  the  average  for  the  past  few  years. 
Even  with  this  number  of  admissions  I  have  been 
obliged  to  postpone  a  few  deserving  cases  until  another 
year.  The  eight  I  could  not  in  conscience  postpone 
until  another  September,  which  is  the  month  in  which 
the  school  year  begins  ;  and  I  am  sure  that  all  the 
members  of  the  General  Court  would  have  concurred 
in  my  disposition  of  each  case,  had  they  been  present 
to  examine  it. 

The  present  appropriation  of  $8,500  per  year  was 
established  in  1847.  An  average  of  ninety  pupils 
now,  bears  no  larger  proportion  to  our  population, 
than  the  average  of  seventy-five  did  to  the  popula 
tion  at  the  time  when  the  present  rate  of  appropriation 
was  adopted.  Notice  has  also  been  received  from  the 
Trustees  of  the  Asylum  that,  owing  to  the  increased 
expenses  of  living,  an  annual  additional  charge  will 
hereafter  be  made  of  $25  for  each  pupil,  making  the 
annual  amount  paid  by  the  State  for  its  beneficiaries, 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  33 

$125  each.     I    therefore   recommend   an  increase  in 
the  annual  appropriation. 

The  Governor  and  Council  have  not  failed,  during 
the  term  of  my  connection  with  this  department, 
annually  to  visit  the  Asylum.  We  have  found  no 
charity  more  grateful,  certainly  none  more  useful. 
The  introduction  of  the  light  of  knowledge  into  the 
minds  of  youth,  once  deprived  of  the  delights 
of  learning,  the  enjoyments  and  uses  of  cultivated 
and  instructed  reason,  is  one  of  the  triumphs  of 
philanthropic  enterprise,  and  one  of  the  blessings  of 


our  age. 


It  is  usually  impossible  to  send  a  child  under  the 
age  of  ten  years  to  the  American  Asylum.  The  post 
ponement  of  all  effort  to  teach  deaf  mute  children 
until  an  age  so  much  later  than  that  at  which  other 
children  are  taught,  is  an  additional  disadvantage,  ag 
gravating  their  original  burden.  A  society  has  been 
formed  in  Boston,  establishing  a  school  and  a  church, 
maintained  by  private  liberality,  with  special  reference 
to  the  condition  of  children  not  congenitally  deaf,  but 
made  so  by  disease,  who  are  taught  according  to  the 
German  method,  and  though  deaf,  learn  to  articulate. 
I  beg  your  attention,  gentlemen,  to  this  experiment. 
By  judicious  fostering  it  may  open  the  way  of  knowl- 


34  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

edge  even  to  our  younger  unfortunates  ;    and  it  may 
open  it  a  little  wider  to  all  of  them. 

Hospital  for  Invalid  Soldiers. 

I  am  happy  to  inform  the  Legislature  that  there  is 
now  a  reasonable  hope  of  a  United  States  General 
Hospital  in  this  Commonwealth,  to  which  our 
sick  and  wounded  soldiers,  invalided  in  other 
States,  may  be  transferred.  On  the  recommenda 
tion  of  the  Medical  Director  of  the  Military  Depart 
ment  of  the  East,  who  was  specially  detailed  by  the 
Acting  Surgeon- General  of  the  United  States  to  visit 
the  State  for  this  purpose,  and  in  accordance  with  my 
own  views  and  with  the  suggestion  of  the  Head  of 
our  own  Medical  Department,  it  is  expected  that 
Worcester  will  be  selected  by  the  proper  authorities 
as  its  locality.  I  have  sent  to  the  Secretary  of  War, 
through  our  State  Military  Agent,  documents  bearing 
the  signatures  not  only  of  the  Surgeon-General  and 
myself,  but  also  of  all  the  Senators  and  Representa 
tives  of  Massachusetts  in  the  present  Congress,  urging 
the  importance  of  this  measure,  for  its  influence  on 
the  health  and  comfort  of  our  soldiers  and  the  con 
venience  and  satisfaction  of  their  friends,  and  also  as 
needed  to  avoid  future  embarrassments  contingent 
upon  the  want  of  a  large  General  Hospital.  A 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  35 

salubrious  location,  with  the  cheerful  influence  of 
rural  scenery,  and  at  a  point  where  railroad  facilities 
centre,  is  not  only  desirable  in  a  sanitary  point  of 
view,  but  for  the  convenience  of  the  friends  of  the 
soldiers. 

I  refer  you  to  the  report  of  the  faithful  and  able 
Surgeon-General  of  the  Commonwealth,  which  will  be 
presented  hereafter,  for  other  interesting  particulars 
connected  with  the  service,  pertaining  to  his  depart 
ment.  Special  details  have  been  made  during  the 
past  year,  of  some  of  our  most  eminent  medical  men, 
to  examine  and  report  upon  the  condition  of  our 
Massachusetts  soldiers,  invalided  in  the  Departments 
of  the  West,  South,  Gulf,  and  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.  Their  visits  have  had  a  salutary  influ 
ence,  assuring  our  brave  men  that  their  comfort  and 
welfare  are  not  forgotten  by  the  State,  cheering 
them  with  kindly  words  and  deeds  of  encourage 
ment,  besides  furnishing  the  proper  departments  with 
correct  information  -useful  to  the  service  and  grateful 
to  the  families  and  friends  of  the  absent  soldier. 

To  the  Medical  Commission  of  the  Commonwealth, 
for  their  voluntary  and  important  duties  as  a  Board  of 
Examining  Surgeons  of  candidates  for  our  Medical 
Staff,  the  Commonwealth  is  under  new  obligation, 
and  I  offer  to  them  the  grateful  thanks  of  the  State 


36  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

for  assistance  always  rendered  whenever  occasion  has 
required,  in  the  spirit  of  a  liberal  profession. 

With  the  ready  cooperation  of  the  executive 
officer  of  the  Lovell  United  States  General  Hospital, 
at  Portsmouth  Grove,  Rhode  Island,  I  was  enabled  by 
an  application  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  procure  for 
all  Massachusetts  men  who  were  patients  in  that 
hospital  and  deemed  fit  to  travel,  the  indulgence  of  a 
furlough  for  seven  days  on  the  occasion  of  our  Na 
tional  and  State  Thanksgiving,  to  enable  them  to 
enjoy  its  festivities  amid  the  delights  of  home. 
I  have  the  pride  to  declare  that  of  the  two 
hundred  and  eighty-one  men  thus  receiving  furloughs, 
all  but  one  returned,  keeping  their  manly  faith 
in  a  manly  way;  while  that  one,  delaying  his 
return  a  few  days,  reported  himself  to  the  Provost- 
Marshal  of  his  district,  and  received  transportation 
as  a  "  straggler,"  not  as  a  "  deserter."  The  condition 
in  which  they  returned  was  such  as  to  draw  from 
the  executive  officer  in  charge  -of  the  hospital  an 
expression  highly  honorable  to  our  men. 

Soldiers   National  Cemetery  at  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
The  soldiers  who  fell  in  the  battles  of  Gettysburg, 
on  the  2d,  3d;  and  4th  days  of  July,  baptizing  with  their 
blood  the  ground  their  valor  rendered  immortal,  are 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  37 

now  commemorated  by  a  National  Cemetery,  where 
they  repose  in  becoming  interment.  This  field  of 
glory  and  cemetery  of  the  brave,  was  solemnly  dedi 
cated,  on  the  19th  of  November,  by  a  National 
ceremony  at  which  the  President  of  the  United 
States  personally  assisted.  Uniting  with  the  Gov 
ernors  of  the  other  loyal  States  of  the  Union,  I 
caused  Massachusetts  to  be  represented  by  several 
gentlemen  acting  as  Commissioners  of  the  Common 
wealth.  Their  Report  I  have  the  honor  to  communi 
cate  to  the  Legislature.  Preserving  an  authentic 
record  of  ceremonies  attending  the  consecration  of  a 
battle-ground  where  Northern  valor  saved  our  govern 
ment  and  preserved  our  liberties,  this  Report  deserves 
an  honorable  place  in  the  archives  of  the  Common 
wealth. 

Application  will  be  made  to  the  Legislature  of  Penn 
sylvania  for  an  Act  of  Incorporation  of  the  Trustees 
of  the  Soldiers'  Cemetery  at  Gettysburg.  I  have 
accordingly  nominated  a  gentleman  to  represent  the 
interest  of  Massachusetts,  whose  name  will  be 
included  in  the  Act  of  Incorporation.  The  esti 
mated  expenses  of  finishing  the  Cemetery  are 
$63,500,  to  be  divided  among  the  States  in  the 
ratio  of  their  representation  in  Congress.  The  pro 
portion  of  Massachusetts  will  be  $4, 205. 30.  In  order 


38  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

that  this  Commonwealth  may  sustain  her  share 
of  this  expense  an  appropriation  will  be  necessary. 
I  submit  the  Report  of  the  gentleman  named  to  be 
a  Trustee  on  the  part  of  Massachusetts,  in  which 
the  particulars  needed  for  the  information  of  the 
General  Court  are  properly  stated. 

A  committee  of  the  City  Council,  was  raised 
through  the  eifort  of  His  Honor  the  Mayor,  to  take 
charge  of  the  sepulture  of  those  soldiers  who  were 
citizens  of  Boston.  I  transmit,  as  a  part  of  the 
record,  their  Report,  a  copy  of  which  I  have  had 
the  honor  to  receive.  This  committee  and  the  Com 
missioners  of  the  Commonwealth  so  cooperated  that 
without  local  discriminations  between  the  Massachu 
setts  dead,  the  remains  of  all  were  alike  cared  for. 

The  Defences  of  our  Coast. 

On  March  30th  an  Act  was  passed  appropriating  a 
million  dollars  for  the  defence  of  the  coast  of  Massa 
chusetts  and  investing  the  Governor  and  Council  with 
a  wide  discretion  in  its  expenditure.  A  letter  ad 
dressed  to  me  in  October,  1861,  by  the  Federal  Secre 
tary  of  State,  which  was  communicated  by  me  to  the 
General  Court  of  the  next  year,  had  given  assurances 
of  reimbursement  by  Congress  of  amounts  to  be  ex 
pended  by  the  States  for  that  purpose,  provided  such 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  39 

expenditures  should  be  the  subject  of  conference  with 
the  Federal  Government,  and  should  be  made  with  its 
concurrence.  Immediately  on  the  passage  of  the  Act 
measures  were  taken,  therefore,  to  learn  the  views  of 
the  Federal  Government  as  to  what  objects  our  money 
could  be  best  applied ;  and  the  opinions  of  many  of 
its  principal  officers,  including  those  of  Chiefs  of 
Bureaus  in  the  Departments  of  War  and  the  Navy,  of 
the  Secretaries  of  both  Departments,  and  of  the  Presi 
dent  himself,  were  obtained.  These  opinions  were  not 
unanimous,  and  except  by  way  of  suggestion  afforded 
no  guide  to  a  correct  decision.  But  reflecting  on  facts 
known  to  us  as  to  the  defenceless  condition  of  the 

4 

coast,  and  applying  to  them  these  opinions  and  others 
gathered  from  engineer  and  ordnance  officers  of  high 
distinction,  two  objects  seemed  specially  worthy  of  at 
tention  ;  first,  the  maturing  of  a  plan  for  obstructing 
the  harbor  of  Boston  against  naval  attack,  so  that  at 
the  moment  of  danger  there  might  not  be  conflict  of 
counsel  as  to  the  plan  to  be  adopted;  and,  second, 
the  procuring  of  approved  heavy  ordnance  for  our 
forts  from  whatever  sources  it  should  be  obtainable 
in  addition  to  those  sources  employed  by  the 
United  States  with  whose  contracts  it  is  not  our' 
policy  to  interfere  by  competition.  These  objects  have 
been  pursued  with  all  possible  energy  and 


40  GOVERNOR'S 'ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

and  with  a  satisfactory  degree  of  'success.  A  plan 
of  admirable  skill  and  completeness  has  been  pre 
pared  for  obstructing  harbors  against  hostile  fleets, 
however  powerful.  It  is  the  work  of  an  informal 
Commission,  composed  of  gentlemen  combining  a 
warm  interest  in  the  subject,  and  large  experience  in 
navigation,  with  the  advantage  of  much  study  of  the 
general  question,  and  special  scientific  attainments. 
Their  report  and  plans  were  referred  to  the  Chief 
Engineer,  by  whom  they  were  reconsidered,  and  the 
whole  work  was  reproduced  in  the  form  of  careful 
specifications  and  working  drawings,  ready  for  imme 
diate  use  at  a  moment's  call.  The  forts  of  Boston  Har 
bor,  also,  have  been  placed  in  telegraphic  communica 
tion  with  each  other,  and  with  the  city.  I  do  not 
propose  to  make  a  further  statement  of  details,  since 
publicity  is  not  consistent  with  the  interests  of  the 
Commonwealth,  but  I  respectfully  suggest  that  the 
whole  subject  be  referred  to  an  appropriate  com 
mittee. 

During  the  last  year,  the  Federal  Government  has 
been  encouraged  to  additional  efforts  for  the  protection 
of  the  coast.  Beside  important  progress  in  the  con- 
"struction  and  armament  of  the  masonry  forts  at  Boston 
and  New  Bedford,  earthworks  have  been  designed,  and 
some  of.  them  completed,  for  the  defence  of  New- 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  41 

buryport,  Gloucester,  Salem,  Marblehead  and  Ply 
mouth.  Very  little,  however,  has  been  done  to  guard 
Provincetown  and  the  settlements  along  the  Cape  and 
on  the  neighboring  islands,  and  also  the  important 
commerce  of  the  adjoining  waters,  and  I  respectfully 
suggest  the  defenceless  condition  of  that  neighborhood 
for  your  consideration.  An  appropriation  has  been 
made  by  Congress  for  beginning  a  fort  at  Province- 
town,  and  surveys  for  the  purpose  have  been  had ; 
but  for  the  present,  adequate  protection  of  that  impor 
tant  harbor  from  attack,  and  of  the  waters  on  our 
southern  shore  from  incursion  and  ravage  such  as 
was  once  during  the  year  committed  in  the  Vineyard 
Sound,  can  be  rendered  only  by  the  constant  presence 
of  a  naval  force  which  it  is  desirable  that  the  Federal 
Government  should  afford. 

The  Act  of  March  30th,  besides  making*an  appro 
priation  in  behalf  of  the  State,  provided  for  appropri 
ations  by  municipal  governments,  with  the  expectation 
of  reimbursement  from  the  State  Treasury.  These 
have  been  made  by  some  towns  and  cities  to  secure 
the  necessary  number  of  laborers  at  the  current  rates 
of  wages,  upon  the  earthworks  constructing  at  their 
ports,  the  Federal  officers  having  the  works  in  charge 
declining  to  offer  a  rate  of  pay  to  laborers,  higher 

than  a  dollar  and  a  quarter  per  day.     The  propriety 
c 


42  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

of  refunding  the  sums  thus  advanced  will  meet  your 
consideration. 

At  every  stage  of  the  investigation  which  now  for 
nearly  three  years  I  have  been  pursuing  into  the  sub 
ject  of  our  defences  against  naval  attack,  the  deficiency 
in  our  means  of  obtaining  a  sufficient  supply  of  heavy 
ordnance  has  caused  my  chief  anxiety.  Massachu 
setts  contains  ample  beds  of  iron  ore  of  a  superior 
quality  for  gun  metal.  No  other  Commonwealth 
possesses  in  higher  degree  all  the  elements  of  scientific 
and  mechanical  ingenuity  necessary  to  the  manufac 
ture.  There  is  no  deficiency  of  private  capital  seeking 
investment.  But  thus  far,  the  Federal  Government, 
while  absorbing  the  entire  product  of  all  existing 
Massachusetts  gun-foundries,  has  failed  to  induce  the 
investment  of  private  capital  in  additional  foundries. 
Nor  is  this  surprising,  for  the  amount  of  capital 
required  to  construct  mechanical  establishments  com 
plete  enough  to  cast  and  finish  the  heavy  cannon 
which  we  need,  is  rarely  within  the  measure  of 
the  means  of  individuals,  and  the  continuance 
in  employment  of  such  establishments  once  con 
structed,  would  depend  upon  the  regularity  of 
appropriations  by  the  National  Congress.  Indeed, 
the  Federal  Government  would  be  the  only  domestic 
customer  of  such  foundries,  with  no  competitors 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  43 

except  foreign  governments.  The  building  of  the 
foundries  would  involve  also  the  investment  of  more 
capital  in  furnaces  in  the  mining  districts,  to  supply 
the  iron.  A  trade  so  grand,  in  which  nations  appear 
as  the  sole  customers,  and  which  concerns  so  closely 
the  honor  of  our  flag  and  the  security  of  our  borders 
and  our  marine,  is  worthy  of  the  most  serious  atten 
tion  if  by  any  legislative  action  it  can  be  encouraged. 
I  have  long  been  satisfied  that  the  objects  we  desire 
can  best  be  effected  by  building  a  great  National 
foundry.  I  respectfully  commend  the  subject  to  your 
investigation,  and  if  the  project  shall  commend  itself 
also  to  your  judgment,  I  believe  that  a  formal  expres 
sion  of  opinion  by  the  Government  of  Massachusetts 
in  favor  of  such  a  work,  might  encourage  the 
National  Congress  to  authorize  it. 

Standing  for  a  long  time  during  the  past  year  on 
the  apparent  brink  of  war  with  powerful  naval  States 
of  Europe,  the  rebels  even  at  this  moment  being 
restrained,  almost  against  expectation,  from  launching 
out  of  foreign  ports  their  mailed  war  steamers  built 
expressly  to  carry  destruction  to  the  commerce  and  the 
seaports  of  the  North  ;  with  all  the  dangers  hourly 
besetting  us,  which  spring  from  the  unsettled  condition 
of  Europe,  the  Erench  invasion  of  Mexico,  and  the 
sympathy  of  powerful  persons  and  rulers  abroad 


44  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

with  the  rebellion  at  home — I  am  firmly  convinced 
that  ordinary  prudence  demands  of  Massachusetts 
never  to  rest  until  her  harbors  shall  be  adequately 
defended. 

Arms  and  Equipments  for  the  Militia. 

The  29th  chapter  of  the  Resolves  of  1863,  author 
ized  the  Executive  Department  to  contract  on  behalf 
of  the  Commonwealth  for  the  purchase  or  manufacture 
of  fifteen  thousand  stand  of  arms,  of  such  pattern  as 
should  be  found  best  adapted  for  the  service  ;  also  of 
arms  and  equipments  for  one  regiment  of  cavalry  ; 
guns  and  equipments  for  five  batteries  of  light  artil 
lery  ;  and  -such  other  arms  and  equipments  as  should 
from  time  to  time  be  found  necessary  for  arming  the 
militia  in  active  service.  The  resolve  appropriates 
$450,000  for  those  purposes. 

The  sources  of  supply,  whether  by  purchase  or 
manufacture,  have  been  made  the  subject  of  careful 
examination  and  report.  The  kinds  of  arms  best 
adapted  to  the  various  branches  of  the  service,  were, 
in  the  light  of  recent  experience,  considered  and 
reported  on,  by  competent  military  men.  Wherever 
different  arms  of  the  same  general  description  were 
offered  in  competition,  they  were  submitted  to  the  test 
of  critical  comparison  by  a  Commission  of  experts. 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  45 

All  the  arms  and  artillery  required  were  accordingly 
contracted  for,  and  are  in  process  of  construction  and 
delivery.  The  amount  disbursed  already  in  payments 
is  about  fifty  thousand  dollars.  The  contracts  entered 
into  will  nearly,  or  quite,  absorb  the  whole  appropria 
tion.  Certain  articles  of  equipment  have  not  been 
passed  upon,  because  improvements  in  their  construc 
tion  are  under  consideration  by  the  appropriate  offi 
cers  of  the  -JJ.  S.  Army,  whose  decision  it  was  thought 
advisable  to  await,  especially  as  the  articles  can  be 
procured  on  short  orders  when  necessary.  To  com 
plete  the  duty  assigned  to  the  Executive  by  the  Legis 
lature,  will  require  a  further  appropriation  of  about 
$50,000. 

In  order  that  no  injurious  delay  shall  happen,  I 
have  requested  the  Master  of  Ordnance,  in  advance  of 
his  regular  Annual  Report  Tyhich  will  be  communi 
cated,  through  the  Adjutant-General,  to  report  to  me 
in  detail,  all  the  particulars  necessary  to  a  competent 
understanding  of  this  portion  of  the  transactions  pass 
ing  through  his  bureau  ;  -*and  this  preliminary  report 
is  now  ready  for  the  use  of  any  committee  of  the 
General  Court  to  which  the  subject  may  be  intrusted. 


46  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

Military  Academy. 

I  shall  have  the  honor  immediately  to  place  before 

the    Legislature   the    Report   of    the    Commissioners 

appointed  under  the  73d  chapter  of  the  Resolves  of 

the  year    1863,  "  concerning  the  establishment  of  a 

•  military  academy." 

The  Commission  was  directed  by  the  resolve  to 
inquire  into  the  expediency  of  establishing  an  academy 
for  the  instruction  of  young  men  in  mathematics,  civil, 
military,  and  practical  engineering,  and  other  studies 
in  connection  with  infantry,  artillery  and  cavalry  drill 
and  tactics,  and  to  report  a  design  for  such  an  institu 
tion,  the  mode  of  establishing  the  same,  the  expense 
thereof,  a  plan  for  its  support,  the  number  of  pupils 
to  be  accommodated,  their  age  at  entering  the  institu 
tion,  the  amount  of  camp  duty,  the  length  of  the 
academic  course,  what  tpro vision  should  be  made  for 
the  support  of  the  pupils,  and  the  equivalent  to  be 
rendered  therefor;  and  whether  the  Commonwealth 
has  any,  and  what,  property  available  for  the  endow 
ment  of  such  an  institution? 

The  eminent  character  of  the  Commission,  the 
learning,  experience  and  ability,  both  civil  and  military, 
represented  by  its  members,  and  the  relations  which 
all  of  them  have  heretofore  borne  to  education  and 
its  various  public  institutions,  I  think  entitle  their 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  47 

opinions  to  the  most  respectful  consideration,  and 
lend  influence  to  the  arguments  to  which  their  minds 
have  yielded  assent. 

I  believe  the  establishment  under  the  patronage 
of  the  Commonwealth,  of  such  an  institution  as  they 
recommend,  to  be  wise  and  expedient,  that  we  cannot 
safely  neglect  it,  and  that  we  ought  not  to  delay  it. 
I  believe  its  influence  upon  the  public  school  system, 
or  the  popular  education,  correctly  administered,  will 
fully  compensate  the  expenditure  it  may  involve. 
Invoking  the  attention  of  the  General  Court  to  the 
Report  itself,  I  will  not  assume  to  display  it  in  advance 
of  your  own  reading.  The  advantages  of  an  institu 
tion  like  that  contemplated,  in  its  more  direct  and  im 
mediate  bearing  on  the  military  efficiency  of  the 
State,  is  not  easily  overstated.  Yet  these  advantages 
are  to  be  gained  in  close  and  natural  connection  with 
large  and  constant  benefits  which  include  not  only  ' 
the  elevation  of  the  public  schools,  but  also  the  scien 
tific  professions  —  the  higher  industrial  pursuits. 
The  education  of  numbers  of  young  men  of  this 
Commonwealth,  not,  however,  excluding  others  who 
may  resort  hither  to  share  their  studies,  in  those 
branches  of  learning  which  fit  them  for  mechanicians, 
engineers,  experts  in  chemistry,  physics,  and  various 
applications  of  science  to  the  arts,  will,  it  is  not 


48  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

unlikely,  be  associated  with  a  Military  Academy. 
And,  from  a  conviction  so  deep  that  I  would  all 
men  in  the  Commonwealth  might  share  in  it,  I  hope 
I  may  be  permitted  to  allude  to  what  I  pronounced 
from  this  place  one  year  ago,  in  connection  with  the 
subject  of  an  agricultural  college,  that  the  one  great 
and  commanding  duty  and  capability  of  our  Common 
wealth — her  way  to  unchallenged  influence  and  ad 
miration  among  the  States  —  is  the  discovering, 
unfolding,  and  teaching  the  secrets  of  knowledge, 
and  their  scientific  application  to  the  arts  of  civilized 
humanity. 

A  most  emphatic  illustration  of  the  power  commu 
nicated  to  the  world  by  the  combination  of  science 
and  industry  is  found  in  the  single  fact  that  the 
employment  of  steam  was  estimated  ten  years  ago,  to 
have  added  to  the  industrial  efficiency  of  the  British 
'Islands  alone,  a  power  equal  to  the  united  forces 
of  600,000,000  men.  Every  locomotive  steam-engine 
of  fifteen  tons  on  our  own  railroads  does  the  work  of 
fifteen  hundred  men  ;  and  our  larger  locomotives  fur 
nish  the  equivalent  of  three  thousand  men.  While, 
therefore,  I  would  not  diminish  by  one  spark  tlje  zeal 
of  the  people  for  the  military  service,  nor  underrate  the 
value  of  strictly  military  education,  both  as  a  means  of  , 
preventing  war  and  of  successfully  encountering  its 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  49 

shock,  I  beg  respectfully  to  remind  you,  as  an  addi 
tional  argument  in  favor  of  an  academy,  of  the  inci 
dental  advantages  to  our  peaceful  industry  and  to  the 
education  of  the  people,  to  be  derived  from  a  proper 
cultivation,  generously  maintained,  of  those  branches 
of  science  indispensable  in  modern  times  to  the  Art 
of  War. 

The  Soldiers   Contributed  by  Massachusetts. 

South  Carolina  adopted  her  pretended  ordinance  of 
secession  in  the  month  of  December,  1860.  The 
first  overt  act  of  war,  committed  in  pursuance  of  the 
treasonable  conspiracy  of  which  the  ordinance  of 
secession  was  the  formal  beginning,  was  the  firing  on 
the  Star  of  the  West,  a  national  transport  laden  with 
men  and  supplies  for  the  garrison  in  Charleston 
harbor.  The  date  of  the  ordinance  was  the  20th  day 
of  December,  1860.  The  Star  of  the  West  was 
attacked  the  9th  day  of  January,  1861.  But  the. 
beginning  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  is  dated  from 
the  12th  day  of  April,  1861,  that  being  the  day  \^ien, 
after  long  and  uninterrupted  preparation,  the  batteries 
of  the  Rebels  opened  upon  Fort  Sumter. 

On  the  15th  day  of  April  the  War  Department 
called  upon  this  State  for  two  regiments  of  militia, 
and  on  the  next  day  the  call  was  enlarged  to  a 


50  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

requisition  for  four  regiments.  On  the,  16th, 
the  Sixth  Regiment  of  Massachusetts  Volunteer 
Militia  marched  for  Washington  by  railroad,  and 
two  others,  the  Third  and  Fourth,  moved  by  sea. 
On  the  18th,  the  Eighth  Regiment  marched  under 
General  Butler;  and  on  the  19th,  the  Fifth  Regi 
ment  of  Infantry  and  Cook's  Battery  of  Light  Ar 
tillery  were  put  under  marching  orders,  which 
were  executed  on  the  20th.  The  Third  Battalion  of 
Rifles,  under  Major  (now  Brigadier-General)  Devens, 
followed  them  on  the  1st  of  May.  Thus  rapidly 
and  efficiently  was  the  call  of  the  government  re 
sponded  to,  and  the  capital  of  the  nation,  and 
Fortress  Monroe,  which  was  of  far  greater  military 
value  than  Washington,  were  rescued  from  imminent 
danger,  at  a  period  when  the  consequences  of  a  life 
time  were  crowded  upon  the  efforts  of  an  hour. 
The  number  of  troops  thus  furnished  by  Massa 
chusetts  for  three  months'  service,  was  3,736. 

On  the  3d  of  May,  1861,  the  President  called  for  a 
force  of  volunteers  to  serve  for  three  years,  or  during 
the  war,  of  which  force  Massachusetts  was  at  first 
asked  to  furnish  three  regiments.  This  number  was, 
by  much  persuasion  on  my  own  part,  increased  to 
six ;  after  which,  by  the  efforts  of  the  friends  of  the 
lamented  Colonel  Webster,  it  was  again  increased 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  51 

to  seven.  On  the  17th  day  of  June,  1861,  ten 
more  regiments  having  been  offered  by  Massa 
chusetts  to  be  raised  for  the  three  years'  service, 
were  accepted  by  the  Department  of  War.  March 
ing  at  various  intervals  between  the  30th  day  of  July 
'and  the  8th  of  October,  both  inclusive,  they  were 
all  put  into  the  field,  fully  armed,  equipped,'  and 
supplied  by  this  Commonwealth.  In  the  designa 
tion  of  these  corps  of  three  years  volunteers  the 
numbers  borne  by  the  five  regiments  of  Massachusetts 
Militia  in  the  three  months'  service  were  always 
omitted ;  so  that  the  infantry  regiments  of  Massa 
chusetts  when  enumerated  in  consecutive  order,  in 
cluding  militia  and  volunteers  in  one  .series, 
numbered  in  all  on  the  8th  October,  1861,  22 
regiments  which  had  taken  the  field.  Added  to 
these  were  the  battalion  of  riflemen  and  one  battery 
of  light  artillery  in  the  three  months'  service,  and  two 
companies  of  sharpshooters  and  three  batteries  of 
light  artillery  enlisted  for  three  years,  which  had 
marched  from  the  Commonwealth  before  that  date. 
This  contribution  to  the  National  forces  was  enlarged 
subsequently  by  voluntary  enlistments,  and  by  the 
formation,  within  the  next  eight  months,  of  volun 
tary  organizations  to  the  number  of  ten  more  regi 
ments  and  eight  more  companies  of  all  arms  of  the 


52  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

service.  So  far  from  leaving  any  requisition  unfilled, 
this  Commonwealth  was  urgently  pressing  on  the 
Federal  Government  during  a  large  part  of  the  first 
year  of  the  rebellion,  for  permission  to  extend  her 
military  contingents.  During  the  whole  of  the 'month 
of  May,  1861,  and  until  the  11th  day  of  June,  we 
were 'embarrassed  by  having  several  thousand  troops 
under  arms  in  the  State,  which  the  Federal  Govern 
ment  was  unwilling  to  accept.  I  had  from  the 
beginning  considered  that  the  exigencies  of  the  war 
would  require  a  much  larger  force  of  volunteers  than 
the  42,000  called  for  by  the  President  in  his  procla 
mation  of  May  3d,  and  accordingly  neglected  no 
opportunity  to  secure  enlistments  during  that  period 
of  excitement.  It  was  with  great  embarrassment  that 
I  learned  that  the  Federal  Administration  did  not 
entertain  the  same  views  and  refused  to  accept  more 
than  six  three  years  regiments  from  this  State, 
although  a  much  larger  proportion  was  conceded  to 
the  State  of  New  York.  Late  in  May,  I  was  advised 
officially  from  the  Department  of  War  that  it  was 
"  important  to  reduce  rather  than  enlarge  this  num 
ber,"  and  "  if  more  were  already  called  for,  to  reduce 
the  number  by  discharge,"  and  earlier  in  the  month 
I  had  been  Earned  that  the  administration  was  getting 
more  men  than  were  wanted.  We  were  therefore 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  53 

under  responsibility  to  men  who  had  been  encouraged 
to  take  up  arms  to  the  number  of  several  thousands 
more  than  the  Federal  Administration  could  be  per 
suaded  to  receive  ;  and,  after  forcing  all  I  could  upon 
the  General  Government,  and  availing  myself  to  the 
extremest  limit  of  the  provisions  of  the  Encampment 
Law  of  the  State,  (passed  on  May  23d,)  I  found  there 
would  remain  some  thousands  whom  it  would  be 
necessary  to  disband.  The  preparations  for  estab 
lishing  a  camp  or  camps  under  the  law  were  immedi- 

• 
ately  instituted,  and  the  process  of  disbandment  was 

reluctantly  commenced,  according  to  the  instructions 
of  the  War  Department  with  reference  to  all  regi 
ments  and  companies  recruited  beyond  the  number  of 
the  six  regiments  which  the  Federal  Government 
consented  to  receive,  and  the  five  additional  regiments 
which,  by  law  of  the  State,  I  was  authorized  to  place 
in  camp  here  for  instruction  and  discipline. 

It  should  not  be  forgotten  that  at  this  time  six 
Massachusetts  companies,  organized  in  Newbury- 
port,  West  Cambridge,  Milford,  Lawrence,  Boston 
and  Cambridgeport,  finding  no  places  in  our  vol 
unteer  service,  received  permission  to  join  the  Mozart 
Regiment  and  Sickles  Brigade,  both  belonging  to 
the  State  of  New  York;  that  three  hundred  more 
Massachusetts  men  were  enlisted  in  the  "  Union  Coast 


54  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

Guard  Regiment"  at  Fortress  Monroe,  under  com 
mand  of  Col.  Wardrop  ;  and  that  others  were  also 
enlisted  by  persons  from  other  States,  who  main 
tained  recruiting  stations  in  our  towns  and  cities 
until  they  were  prohibited  by  law  from  thus  with 
drawing  the  people  of  Massachusetts  into  the  organ 
izations  of  those  States.  There  were  estimated  by  the 
Adjutant- General  of  this  Commonwealth  more  than 
f3,000  Massachusetts  men  who  thus  went  to  swell 
the  apparent  contribution  of  other  communities  while 
lessening  the  ability  of  this  State  to"  meet  any  subse 
quent  draft  upon  her  military  population. 

On  the  3d  of  December,  1861,  an  Order  of  the 
War  Department  was  promulgated  that 

"  No  more  regiments,  batteries,  or  independent  companies 
will  be  raised  by  the  Governors  of  States,  except  upon  the 
special  requisition  of  the  War  Department." 

In  February,  1862,  I  requested  leave  to  recruit  four 
companies,  and  to  organize  them,  with  six  companies 
of  volunteer  infantry  doing  garrison  duty  at  Fort 
Warren  in  Boston  Harbor,  into  a  regiment,  to  be 
used  in  any  coming  emergency.  The  offer  was 
declined,  with  the  remark  that  "  the  four  additional 
companies  which  would  be  needed  to  complete  an 
entire  regiment,"  were  "  not  required  for  service." 
An  additional  company  of  sharpshooters  was  also 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  55 

offered  on  February  26th,  1862,  but  an  answer  was 
returned  on  March  17th,  that  they  could  not  be 
accepted,  unless  as  a  company  to  complete  some 
infantry  regiment.  The  company  was  disbanded, 
because  no  such  incomplete  and  authorized  regiment 
existed,  and  because  the  men  were  offered  as  sharp 
shooters. 

On  the  3d  of  April,  1862,  it  was  further  ordered 
"by  the  War  Department  as  follows : 

"  The  recruiting  service  for  volunteers  will  be  discon 
tinued  in  every  State  from  this  date.  The  officers  detached 
on  volunteer  recruiting  service^,  will  join  their  regiments 
without  delay,  taking  with  them  the  parties  and  recruits  at 
their  respective  stations.  The  superintendents  of  volunteer 
recruiting  service  will  disband  their  parties  and  close  their 
offices,  after  having  taken  the  necessary  steps  to  carry  out 
these  orders." 

To  this  Order  an  exception  was  obtained  by  me 
later  in  the  month,  authorizing  recruits  to  be  enlisted 
here  to  repair  the  losses  which  the  Massachusetts 
regiments  in  the  Department  of  North  Carolina  had 
sustained  in  the  battles  of  Eoanoke  and  Newbem ; 
and  on  June  5th  another  exception  was  obtained 
in  favor  of  the  Second  Regiment  of  Massachusetts 
Infantry,  which  had  suffered  in  the  recent  withdrawal 
of  our  forces  up  the  Valley  of  the  Shenandoah.  At 


56  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

the  same  time  with  this  last,  I  received  authority  to 
recruit  for  any  of  our  regiments  in  the  field. 

On  the  7th  day  of  July,  1862,  in  apparent  com 
pliance  with  the  united  request  of  the  Governors 
of  several  of  the  loyal  States,  the  President  of  the 
United  States  promulgated  a  requisition  for  300,000 
more  volunteers  to  be  enlisted  under  the  State  Gov 
ernments,  and  to  serve  for  three  years,  or  during 
the  war. 

The  number  of  organizations  which  up  to  that 
time  had  been  furnished  by  Massachusetts,  was  27 
regiments  and  13  unattached  companies  of  the  differ 
ent  arms,  whose  whole  number  of  men,  with  the 
addition  of  the  recruits  who  had  joined  them  after 
reaching  the  field  and  before  the  cessation  of  recruit 
ing  in  April,  1862,  was  31,377.  I  respectfully  ask 
your  attention  to  a  statement  arranged  in  tabular 
form,  embracing  the  designation  of  each  regiment  and 
unattached  company,  the  date  when  it  marched  from 
the  Commonwealth,  and  the  number  of  its  members 
at  the  time. 

1st  Regiment  Infantry,         .     1,047  men,  marched  June  15,  1861. 

2d  "  .  1,046  "  July    8,  1861. 

7th  "  "  .              1,046  "  11,  1861. 

9th  "  "  1,047  "  u  June  24,  1861. 

10th  "  "  1,047  "  July  25,  1861. 

llth  "  "  1,050  "  June  24,  1861. 

12th  "  "  .  1,055  "  "  July  23,  1861. 


1864.] 


SENATE— No.  1. 


57 


13th  Regiment  Infantry, 

1,021 

14th*      "                  "       . 

1,305 

15th        "                  " 

1,040 

letl^       "                  " 

1,003 

17th        to                  « 

951 

18th        "                  «       . 

1,012 

19th        «                  "       . 

852 

20th        "                  <k       .         . 

762 

21st        "                 "       . 

1,007 

22d         "                 " 

1,050 

23d                           " 

1,062 

24th        "                  " 

989 

25th        "                 "       . 

1,032 

26th        "                 «       . 

1,050 

27th     ,  "                 "       . 

983 

28th       "                 " 

950 

29th        "                 " 

881 

30th        «                 "       .         . 

929 

31st        "                 "       . 

941 

1st  Reg't  Cavalry  and   } 
unattached  Companies,    ) 

1,857 

1st  Battery  Light  Artillery, 

170 

2d         "           "             " 

152 

3d         "           "             « 

157 

4th        "           "             " 

154 

5th        "           "             " 

156 

6th        "           '•             •< 

139 

7th        "           "             « 

152 

8th§      "           "             " 

155 

1st  Co.  of  Sharpshooters,  | 

208 

2d        «                «              ) 

Recruits  sent  to  the  above  or 

ganizations,   after   reaching 

the  field,    . 

2,279 

men,  marched  July 
"  "         An". 


Total  of  27  Regiments  and  13 
Companies,  and  their  re 
cruits, — in  all,  . 


Sept. 
Aug. 
Oct. 

Nov. 
Dec. 
Oct. 

Nov. 

Jan. 
(fMay 
(  JJan. 

Jan. 

Feb. 
(Dec. 
( Jan. 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Feb. 

May 

June 
(Sept 
(Oct. 


30,  1861. 

7,  1861. 

8,  1861. 
17,  1861. 
23,  1861. 
26,  1861. 
28,  1861.. 

4,  1861. 
23,  1861. 

8,  1861. 
11,  1861. 

9,  1861. 

31,  1861. 

21,  1861. 
2,  1861. 

11,  1862. 
— ,  1861. 
— ,  1862. 

2,  1862. 
20,  1862. 
— ,  1861. 
— ,  1862. 

3,  1861. 
8,  1861. 

7,  1861. 
20,  1861. 
25,  1861. 

8,  18-62. 

22,  1861. 
25,  1862. 

3,  1861. 
8,  1861. 


men  marched  at  various  dates. 


31,737  men. 


*  Afterwards  First  Heavy  Artillery. 
J  Three  Companies. 
8 


f  Seven  Companies. 
§  For  6  months. 


58  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 


To  the  above  should  be  added — 

Company    "  B,"    40th    N.    Y.  ]       These    numbers    are 

Vols.,          .         .         .         .101  men. 


Company  "  H,"   1st  Excelsior 

Brigade,    .... 

Company  "  D,"  5th  Excelsior 


taken  from  the  muster- 
rolls  at  Washington  ,and 
include  only  three  of  the 
six  companies  in  these 


Brigade,    .          .          .          .          90     "       J  New  York  regiments. 
Men    in    the     "  Union    Coast 
Guard,"     . 

Total,  . 

No  official  order  was  ever  issued  to  this  Common 
wealth,  within  my  knowledge,  fixing  the  quota  of 
Massachusetts  under  the  requisition  of  July,  1862 ; 
but,  upon  consultation  had  in  Boston,  between  the 
proper  representative  of  the  War  Department  and  the 
Adjutant- General  of  Massachusetts  and  myself,  it  was 
at  the  outset  understood  that  the  Massachusetts  quota 
of  that  number  was  15,000  men.  On  the  same  day 
(July  7th,  1862,)  a  General  Order  was  prepared  and 
promulgated  from  the  Commonwealth  Head-quarters, 
announcing  the  fact,  and  the  proportion  of  that 
aggregate  which  each  town  and  city  should  furnish. 
A  new  crusade  for  the  Union  was  preached  all 
over  the  Commonwealth.  The  unfortunate  campaigns 
in  Virginia,  which  resulted  in  the  return  of  both 
our  armies  within  the  defences  of  Washington, 
aroused  and  inflamed  the  zeal  of  the  whole  people. 
The  requisite  number  of  men  was  speedily  raised. 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  59 

On  the  4th  of  August,  1862,  the  President, 
by  his  further  Proclamation,  called  for  300,000 
men  in  addition,  to  serve  for  nine  months,  exact 
ing  a  draft  to  be  made  in  accordance  with  cer 
tain  regulations,  which  were  promulgated  by  the 
Department  of  War.  The  quota  of  Massachusetts 

was  fixed  at  19,080.     Although  that  number  of  nine 

» 
months  men  was   not   raised   by  Massachusetts,  the 

difference  was  more  than  supplied  before  the  first  day 
of  January  last,  by  an  excess  of  men  who  enlisted  as 
three  years  volunteers. 

This  result  will  appear  by  the  following  statement : 

The  requisition  of  July,  understood  to  be  for     .         .         .     15,000 
That  for  19,080  nine  months  men  is  equal  to  one-fourth  the 
same  number  of  three  years  men,  viz.,  (according  to  the 
method  of  computation  followed  in  in  theAdjutant  Gen 
eral's  office  at  Washington,)  .....       4,770 


Total  of  both  calls,  when  reduced  to  three  years  men,      19,770 

The  troops  furnished  by  the  Commonwealth,  and 
not  included  in  the  previous  statements,  and  to  be 
credited  against  the  aggregate  last  stated,  were  as 
follows,  viz.  : 

Three    Years    Volunteers. 

32d    Regiment  Infantry,  .  1,018  men,  marched  May  26,*  1862. 

33d                           "       .  .  942     «           «        Aug.    14,1862. 

34th       «       ,         "       .  .  1,027     "           "                  15,  1862. 

35th       «                 "       .  1,018     "  «                  22,  1862. 

*  Six  Companies  only  marched  at  this  date,  and  the  residue  afterwards. 


60 


GOYERNOR'S  ADDRESS. 


[Jan. 


36th  Regiment  Infantry, 

37th       "  «       . 

38th       "  "       .         . 

39th       "  "       . 

40th       "  " 

41st*      "  "       . 

9th  Battery  Light  Artillery, 

10th         "  "       . 

1st   Unattached  Co.  H.  Art., 
2d  "  "         " 

3d  .          "  "         «      . 

Recruits    for   old    Regiments 
and  Companies, 

10  Reg'ts  and  5  Companies  and 
Recruits  for  3  y'rs.,     .     . 


1,015  men,  marched  Sept.   2,  1862. 


979 

u 

tt 

7, 

1862. 

1,018 

a 

tt 

24, 

1862. 

987 

a 

tt 

6, 

1862. 

992 

a 

tt 

8, 

1862. 

1,127 

a 

tt 

Nov. 

5, 

1862. 

152 

tt 

tt 

Sept.  3, 

1862. 

156 

a 

tt 

Oct. 

14, 

1862. 

147 

tt 

mustered 

Feb. 

26, 

1862. 

140 

tt 

a 

Nov. 

3, 

1862. 

156 

a 

tt 

Dec. 

31, 

1862. 

5,209 

u 

marched  at  various  dates 

16,083 

ths    Volunteers. 

1,007  men, 

marched 

Oct. 

22, 

1862. 

982 

it 

tt 

Dec. 

17, 

1862- 

997 

it 

u 

Oct. 

3, 

1862. 

913 

tt 

tt 

Sept. 

1, 

1862. 

962 

tt 

tt 

Nov. 

7, 

1862. 

998 

tt 

tt 

19, 

1862. 

1,024 

tt 

tt 

Oct. 

24, 

1862. 

1,023 

tt 

a 

22, 

1862. 

1,005 

tt 

a 

24, 

1862. 

983 

tt 

tt 

Nov. 

1, 

1862. 

1,024 

tt 

a 

29, 

1862. 

996 

it 

tt 

Dec. 

1862. 

948 

tt 

a 

Nov. 

21, 

1862. 

964 

tt 

tt 

19, 

1862. 

961 

tt 

tt 

U, 

1862. 

940 

tt 

tt 

19, 

1862. 

958 

tt 

a 

18, 

1862. 

152 

tt 

a 

Oct. 

3, 

1862. 

3d    Regiment  Infantry, 

4th 

5th 

6th 

8th 
42d 
43d 
44th 
45th 
46th 
47th 
48th 
49th 
50th 
51st 
52d 
53d 
llth  Battery  Light  Artillery, 

17  Regiments  and  1  Company  "* 

or  Battery,     .         .         .    16,837 

*  Afterwards,  with  unattached  Companies,  forming  the  3d  Regiment  of 
Cavalry. 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  61 

Reduced  to  three  years'  men,  they  would  be  equal  to        ,        4,209 
Three  years'  men  brought  forward,  .         .         .         .       16,083 


Total, 20,292 

Amount  of  the  two  calls,  reduced  to  three  years'  men,  as 

above  stated, 19,770 


Excess  up  to  January  1,  1863, 522 

Since  the  1st  day  of  January,  1863,  there  has 
been  a  steady,  persistent  system  of  recruiting 
going  on  under  the  direction  of  the  State  Govern 
ment,  which  has  been  continued  without  relaxation 
even  during  the  enforcement  of  the  draft  of  July 
last,  by  which  means  there  have  been  raised,  during 
the  last  year,  and  previous  to  the  latest  call  of  the 
President,  of  October  17th,  1863,  (making  a  rest  on 
that  day  because  all  subsequent  musters  are  to  be 
credited  against  that  call,)  and  in  excess  of  all  specific 

calls  by  the  IJjiited  States  government,  the  following 

• 
troops : 

2d  Regiment  Cavalry, .  .     1,190  men,  marched  Feb.  &  May, '63. 

New     Battalion  for  lst| 
Regiment  Cavalry,       j 

2d  Reg't  Heavy  Artillery,  .     1,073  "  «      Sept.  &  Nov. '63. 

4th  Unattached  Co.  H.  Art.,  152  "  mustered  April  22,  1863. 

5th                                  «  144  «  «        June     6,1863. 

6th                        "  133  "  «         May   19,  1863. 

7th                        "         "  178  "  "        Aug.  14,  1863. 

8th                                 «  135  «  "        .Aug.  14, 1863. 

9th          "            "         "  141  "  "        Aug.  27, 1863. 

10th                       "  132  "  Sept.  16,  1863. 

54th  Regiment  Infantry,  .     1,029  «  marched   May  28, 1863. 

55th         "               "  1,023  "  «         July  21,1863. 

12th  Battery  Light  Artillery,  135  «  «        Jan.      2,  1863. 


62  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

13th  Battery  Light  Artillery,  147  men,  marched  Jan.    31,1863. 

15th       «  172     "  Mar.     9,  1863. 

Recruits  for  old  Regim'ts  ) 

and  Companies,   .         .}'  '  509  at  various  dates 

4  Reg'ts,andll  Co.'s,and) 
Recruits  for  three  y'rs., ) 

Making,  in  addition  to  the  pre 
vious  excess  of  . 


A  total  excess  of    . 

This  is  reached  without  including  the  product  of 
the  late  draft,  (July,  1863,)  of  which  I  shall  speak 
hereafter,  and  not  including  the  three  months  militia, 
nor  the  Massachusetts  men  enlisted  in  organizations  of 
other  States,  nor  the  large  numbers  in  the  Navy,  esti 
mated  at  an  aggregate  of  12.000  seamen  and  marines, 
nor  our  men  enlisted  in  the  regular  army.  But  it  has 
recently  been  represented  that  previous  to  July, 
1862,  wrhile  Massachusetts  had  furnished  all  the 
troops  ever  asked  from  her,  and  many  more,  and 
while  she  was  urging  upon  the  War  Department 
troops  which  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
did  not  accept,  and  while,  as  a  consequence,  thou 
sands  of  Massachusetts  men  were  enlisting  in  organi 
zations  of  other  States, — that  previous  to  July,  1862, 
Massachusetts  ought  to  have  furnished  a  larger  amount 
than  she  could  prevail  upon  the  General  Government 
to  accept.  In  other  words,  there  is  charged  against 
us  an  estimated  proportion  or  pro  forma  quota  of 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  63 

all  the  three  years  volunteers  furnished  by  the  loyal 
States  prior  to  July,  1862 — amounting 

1- — In  the  aggregate  to     ......     34,868  men. 

(This  reckoning  charges  us  with  our  proportion  of  men 
furnished  by  other  States,  when  no  call  was  made 
on  the  State  for  any  contingents  or  quotas  and  when 
our  offers  were  in  excess  of  the  troops  accepted.) 

2. — It  is  also  declared  that  our  real  quota  of  the  three 
years  men  called  for  in  July,  1862,  was  not  15,000  ; 
that  we  erred  in  supposing  that  to  have  been  the 
number;  and  that  the  correct  number  was  .  .  19,080 

3. — Adding  to  these  numbers  19,080  nine  months 
men,  equivalent,  when  reduced  to  three  years 
men,  to  ...  ....  4,770 

These  items  present  a  total  of  either  actual  or  pro 
forma  calls  previous  to  the  draft  of  July,  1863,  of       58,718  men 

Even  if  this  view  should  be  taken  of  what  was 
due  from  Massachusetts,  she  has  raised,  as  I  have 
stated  above — 

Previously  to  July,  1862,  ......  32,250 

Under  the  call  of  July,  1862, 16,083 

16,837  nine  months  men,  equal,  when  reduced  to  three 

years  men,  to         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .  4,209 

Volunteers  enlisted  and  mustered  between  January  1, 

1863,  and  October  17,  1863,           .         .                            .  6,353 

58,895 

Making,  even  with  this  understanding  of  the  quotas, 
a  surplus  of  177  men.  And  this  result  is  arrived  at 
-without  reckoning  the  service  of  the  three  months 
militia  whom  we  have  furnished,  —  and  reckoning 
twelve  soldiers  enlisted  for  three  months  as  of  military 


64  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

value  only  equal  to  four  men  enlisted  for  nine  months, 
or  to  one  man  enlisted  for  a  term  of  three  years, 
these  would  amount  to  311  more,  making  up  a  surplus 
of  488  above  all  actual  and  constructive  demands. 

Thus  far,  this  enumeration  has  pursued  the  method 
understood  to  be  adopted  in  the  office  of  the  Adjutant- 
General  at  Washington.  It  assumes  the  value  of 
each  soldier  to  be  proportioned  to  the  term  of  his 
enlistment,  crediting  all  three  years  volunteers  accord 
ing  to  their  aggregate  number,  and  all  others  accord 
ing  as  the  length  of  their  respective  terms  of  enlistment 
is  proportioned  to  the  term  of  three  years.  Thus, 
each  three  years  volunteer  counts  one,  in  crediting  the 
States  with  their  volunteers,  while  four  volunteers  for 
nine  months'  service  count  only  one,  since  one  term 
of  three  years'  service  is  equivalent  to  four  of  nine 
jnonths.  It  has  been  the  effort  of  what  we  deemed 
sound  policy  in  this  Commonwealth,  to  encourage 
enlistments  for  the  longer  rather  than  the  shorter 
terms,  not  only  because  of  the  greater  economy  and 
superior  military  efficiency  thus  promoted,  but  also  for 
reasons  apparent  from  the  statements  just  made. 

But  the  enumeration  after  the  method  explained, 
although  equitable  in  itself  and  on  the  whole,  does 
not  exhibit  the  entire  number  of  men  contributed  to 
the  military  service  of  the  United  States  by  this  Com- 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  65 

monwealth,  numbers  of  whom,  though  enlisted  for 
shorter  periods  than  three  years,  deserve  to  be  remem 
bered  irrespective  of  all  the  convenient  rules  of  com 
putation  observed  in  comparing  the  services  of  living 
men,  because  they  gave  themselves  for  no  term  of 
months  or  years,  but  for  the  measure  of  their  life-time, 
and  died  in  the  service  and  for  the  cause  of  their 
country. 

The    aggregate    numbers   in   the    different  classes 
of  our  whole  contribution  of  soldiers,  are  as  follows : 

For  three  months,  5  regiments,  1  battalion,  1  company,  3,736  men. 
36  days,  1  company,  (Boston  Cadets,)  .  .  .  117  " 
3  months,  1  company,  (Capt.  Staten's,)  .  .  101  " 
4^  months,  1  company,  (Salem  Cadets,)  .  .  131  " 
6  months,  1  company,  (8th  Light  battery,)  .  .  155  " 
9  months,  17  regiments,  1  company,  .  .  .  16,837  " 
3  years,  41  regiments,  34  companies,  an(^  recruits 

for  same,          .......  54,531  men. 


Making  a  final  total  of  men  sent  by  Massachusetts 
into  the  military  service  of  the  United  States,  on  the 
land,  during  the  present  war,  previously  to  Oct.  17, 
1863,  of 75,608  men. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  remarked  that  any 
apportionment  among  different  States,  of  their  contri 
butions  to  the  armed  force  of  the  country,  in  order  to 
be  equitable  and  just,  ought  to  be  made  according  to 
the  number  of  able-bodied  men  between  the  ages 
which  are  fixed  as  the  limits  of  liability  to  military 
service;  and  not  according  to  the  whole  population, 


66  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

which  consists  partly  of  women,  children  and  aged 
persons,  in  proportions  that  vary  in  different  States. 
A  newly  settled  community,  which  has  drawn  within 
its  limits  the  active,  vigorous  and  enterprising  young 
men  from  other  portions  of  the  country,  must  neces 
sarily  have  a  larger  share  of  able-bodied  men  within 
the  military  ages,  than  an  older  State,  of  whose  popu 
lation  many  of  the  active  and  hardy  men  of  the 
military  ages  have  emigrated  to  the  West,  leaving 
behind  them  a  disproportionate  number  of  the  old 
and  feeble,  and  of  women  and  children.  Unless, 
therefore,  a  careful  enrolment  is  made,  of  those  alone 
who  are  liable  and  able  £0  do  military  duty,  and  unless 
the  drafts  into  military  service  are  apportioned  accord 
ing  to  such  an  enrolment,  injustice  will  be  done  to 
those  communities  \vhich  have  the  smaller  proportions 
of  men  within  the  military  ages  and  capable  of 
bearing  arms. 

Having  in  view  such  considerations,  the  Provost- 
Marshal-General  of  the  United  States  remarks,  that  in 
executing  the  law  of  Congress  of  March  3d,  1863, 
popularly  termed  the  "  Draft  Act," 

"  The  main  object  was  to  apportion  the  number  among  the 
States,  so  that  those  previously  furnished  and  those  to  be 
furnished  would  make  a  given  part  of  their  available  men, 
and  not  a  given  part  of  their  population." 


1864.]  SENATE—NO,  i.  67 

This  was  rendered  practicable  by  the  terms  em 
ployed  in  the  last-named  Act,  in  reference  to  the  duty 
of  the  President  "  in  assigning  to  the  districts  the 
number  of  men  to  be  furnished  therefrom." 

The  Act,  in  one  word,  evidently  contemplates,  for 
the  first  time,  basing  requisitions  for  men  on  the  en 
rolled  military  strength,  and  not  on  the  population  of 
the  States,  the  inequality  of  which  latter  method  is 
illustrated  in  the  same  report  of  the  Provost  Marshal 
General,  by  the  testimony  there  found  that  under 
former  calls 

"  Some  of  the  Western  States,  with  quotas  nearly  as  large 
as  some  of  the  Eastern,  not  only  furnished  their  quotas  and  a 
large  excess  besides,  but  had  a  larger  proportion  of  males 
left  than  Eastern  States  which  had  not  entirely  filled  their 
quotas." 

At  the  time  when  troops  were  accepted  from 
other  States  and  the  volunteers  of  Massachusetts 
were  declined,  the  Government  did  not  probably 
contemplate  the  possible  future  exercise  of  the 
high  prerogative  implied  in  the  enforcement  of  a 
draft  for  the  military  service.  Nor  had  it  perhaps 
the  means  of  then  adjusting,  without  delay,  the  ac 
ceptance  of  volunteers  from  the  several  States  in 
due  proportions.  There  were  many  unavoidable  cir 
cumstances,  not  easily  detailed  but  quite  easily  under 


68  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

stood,  which  disturbed  the  equality  of  their  distribu 
tion.  And  it  should  be  remembered  also  that  prior 
to  the  Act  of  3d  March,  1863,  the  laws  of  Congress 
required  that  the  President,  in  making  any  requisition 
on  the  States  respectively,  should  have  reference  to 
the  numbers  then  in  service  from  the  several  States, 
equalizing,  so  far  as  practicable,  the  numbers  fur 
nished  by  them,  according  to  "  Federal  population," 
or  (as  it  is  also  styled  in  the  national  statutes,) 
"  representative  population." 

I  intend  to  imply  no  criticism,  in  any  thing  which 
this  Address  may  contain,  on  any  department  or  func 
tionary  of  the  United  States  Government.  On  the  con 
trary,  I  believe  that  the  President  and  the  Secretary 
at  War  have  at  all  times  sought  to  distribute  the 
burdens,  and  their  credits,  upon  and  among  the  loyal 
States  in  obedience  to  the  laws  of  Congress,  and  with 
a  disposition  to  recognize  the  just  demands  of  them 
all.  But  I  have  deemed  it  my  duty  to  prepare  this 
statement  of  the  relation  of  Massachusetts  to  the 
volunteer  contingents  of  the  Union,  with  careful, 
and  perhaps  tiresome,  elaboration,  because  I  was  un 
willing  to  leave  the  history  unwritten  of  that  truth 
which  is  always  the  vindication  of  the  people  of 
Massachusetts.  When  those  who  struggled  to  relieve 
themselves  from  the  exactions  of  the  draft  of  last 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  69 

July,  complained,  even  without  reason,  and  in  a  spirit 
of  insubordination ;  when  they  pointed  at  Massachu 
setts,  and  accused  her  of  non-fulfilment  of  her  duties, 
stimulating  hostility  against  Massachusetts  in ,  the 
minds  of  those  who  dreaded  the  military  service, 
disliked  the  national  administration,  opposed  the  war 
much,  and  the  principles  and  ideas  of  Massachusetts 
more, — still  I  was  silent.  But,  for  the  sake  of  the 
record,  and  for  the  truth  of  history, — not  permitting 
the  Commonwealth  to  be  drawn  into  a  discussion 
elsewhere  unworthy  her  service  or  her  character — I 
have  now  spoken,  presenting  to  the  Representatives 
of  her  People  the  recorded  particulars  from  which 
history  will  hereafter  be  written. 

The  Draft. 

The  draft  for  soldiers,  prosecuted  under  the  direc 
tion  of  the  Federal  Government,  was  based  on  an 
enrolment  made  by  its  officers,  of  107,386  men  be 
tween  the  ages  of  twenty  and  thirty-five  years,  and 
denominated  the  "  first  class."  The  "  second  class  " 
were  enumerated  at  56,792,  making  the  whole  enrol 
ment  164,178  men.  The  whole  number  drawn  was 
32,079,  of  which  22,343  obtained  exemption.  Of 
this  number  3,044  have  failed  to  report.  Of  the 
number  drafted,  6,690  were  held  to  service.  Of  these 


70  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

743  rendered  themselves  for  duty  personally ;  2,325 
are  represented  by  substitutes ;  3,622  paid  the  sum 
required  by  law,  in  commutation. 

The  experience  of  all  military  nations  in  modern 
times,  favors  the  adoption  of  a  reasonable  system  of 
commutation  of  military  services  in  money.  And 
notwithstanding  the  gust  of  apparent  unpopularity 
which  attached  to  the  provision  in  the  National  Enrol 
ment  Act  permitting  such  a  commutation,  I  have 
never  doubted  either  its  wisdom,  expediency  or  hu 
manity.  Indeed,  I  think  its  supposed  unpopularity 
was  only  apparent,  and  not  real.  Its  repeal  would 
tend  to  deprive  all  but  the  rich  of  the  luxury  of  a 
substitute.  It  would  introduce  to  a  golden  harvest  a 
class  of  men  whose  traffic  would  be  detestable  for  its 
cupidity,  oppression  and  injustice.  Their  trade  would 
be  injurious  to  the  service,  dangerous  to  the  commu 
nity,  unjust  to  those  demanding  substitutes,  and 
equally  unjust  to  the  men  offering  themselves  in 
supply.  The  only  system  compatible  with  the  public 
good  is  that  which  demands  but  one  maximum  price 
as  the  condition  of  exemption,  which  prevents  panic 
and  competition,  creates  but  one  market,  and  but  one 
bidder  for  substitutes,  and  leaves  their  procurement  to 
the  control  of  the  government. 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  71 

I  respectfully  suggest,  however,  that  the  duty  of 
providing  men  for  the  military  service  does  not  equi 
tably  rest  on  the  shoulders  of  those  men  only,  of 
military  age  and  capacity.  In  the  last  resort,  and 
when  the  exigency  is  adequate,  I  admit  that  it  may 
become  their  duty  to  bear"  it  alone,  because  when  at 
last  the  final  struggle  comes,  it  is  the  duty  of  every 
man  according  to  the  measure  of  his  power,  whether 
of  mind,  body  or  estate,  to  do  whatever  he  can  to 
save  his  country.  But  while  a  community  is  pros 
perous  and  its  means  abundant,  both  sound  policy 
and  natural  justice  require  that  all  who  share  the 
benefits  conferred  by  the  soldier  upon  his  country, 
should  also  help  the  soldier  to  carry  his  burden.  In 
order  that  any  shall  "have  a  home  it  is  needful  that 
some  should  go  abroad  to  defend  it:  and  those  who 
remain  ought  to  assist  in  rendering  it  reasonably 
convenient  for  others  to  go. 

But  the  welfare  of  human  society  never  fails  to 
require  of  the  statesman  economy  of  all  its  resources. 
The  extravagance  of  to-day  only  foretells  the  poverty 
of  to-morrow.  Economy  itself  may  demand  liberality 
of  expenditure,  but  it  never  permits  the  wasting  of 
resources.  Nature,  even,  boundless  in  her  capacity, 
uses  only  what  she  needs.  The  duty  of  sup 
pressing  the  rebellion  involves  that  of  restoring 


72  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

and  reconstructing  order,  society,  civilization,  where 
treason  and  slavery  have  subverted  them,  of  main 
taining  them  wherever  they  still  exist,  of  encour 
aging  every  benignant,  beautiful  and  useful  art,  of 
enlarging  the  boundaries  of  knowledge,  virtue  and 
truth.  This  duty  involves  not  merely  preserving 
that  political  organization  known  as  Government,  that 
combination  of  States  we  call  our  Union,  or  that 
fundamental  framework  of  law,  its  Constitution. 
Preserving  these  as  invaluable  means  and  opportunities, 
the  work  before  us  involves  the  duty  of  perpetuafing, 
securing  and  amplifying  the  rights,  the  freedom,  and 
the  welfare  of  all  that  portion  of  mankind  whose 
allegiance  our  country  may  rightfully  claim. 

Considering  how  vast  the  responsibility,  the  exten- 
siveness  of  the  field,  the  protean  shapes  innumerable 
in  which  that  duty  is  to  be  encountered,  the  millions  of 
men  who  are  to  be  affected,  and  the  infinite  years 
to  be  influenced  by  what  we  do,  I  cannot  but  feel  that 
there  is  no  peril  from  war  half  so  tremendous  as  those 
which  follow  from  temporizing,  short-sighted  or  super 
ficial  state  policy.  Even  in  raising  soldiers  to  recruit 
our  army,  we  must  look  beyond  the  campaign.  In 
carrying  on  war,  we  must  look  through  the  war  to 
the  peace  which  lies  beyond  it.  And  in  studying  how 
by  war  to  conquer  a  peace,  we  must  look  beyond  the 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  73 

peace  itself  we  long  for,  and  consider  permanence, 
security,  freedom,  and  progress.  The  duty  peace 
will  impose  requires  even  while  the  war  continues, 
the  re -establishment  of  society  wherever  the  army 
advances,  or  at  least  that  its  foundation  shall  be 
securely  laid. 

The  husbanding  of  our  means  for  all  the  uses  to 
which  they  may  be  required  hereafter,  implies  that 
they  should  be  sometimes  saved,  sometimes  distributed, 
sometimes  used,  but  always  with  that  discretion 
grounded  in  a  clear  purpose,  which  best  adapts  them 
'  to  their  ends.  So,  therefore,  men  should  be  sought 
for  and  accepted  where  men  are  abundant  and  where 
civil  employment  is  deficient.  But  where  the  wants 
of  a  whole  people  demand  all  the  efforts  of  labor,  and 
capital  waits  to  pay  liberally  for  all  that  labor  can  per 
form  to  supply  them,  is  it  even  doubtful  economy  for 
men  to  be  there  withdrawn  from  peaceful  industry, 
unless  the  withdrawal  is  unavoidable  1 

Having  sent  into  the  field  one  man  at  least  out  of 
every  three  of  her  enrolled  militia,  at  some  time  or 
another  since  the  war  began,  and  having  spent  for  the 
service  already  not  less  than  $15,000,000,  including 
municipal  expenditures,  but  not  including  the  National 
taxation,  I  do  not  think  it  unbecoming  the  people  of 

this  Commonwealth  to  suggest  any  measure  of  justice 

10 


74  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

tending  to  preserve  her  industry,  her  ability  to  be 
useful  to  the  country,  and  yet  to  swell  the  ranks  of 
the  National  armies.  With  this  view,  I  think  it  not 
improper  that  she  should  be  allowed  to  recruit  her 
wasted  regiments  on  the  very  fields  where  those  regi 
ments  have  borne  the  National  flag  with  honor,  and  in 
the  very  States  they  have  helped  to, grasp  from  rebel 
usurpation.  Every  man  she  might  thus  induce  to  join 
her  ranks,  would  be  one  civilian  saved  to  the  National 
industry,  one  soldier  added  to  the  army  of  the  Union, 
one  the  less  possible  victim  of  rebel  conscription^  one 
Union  man  of  the  South  enjoying,  in  the  form  of  a 
Massachusetts  bounty,  some  compensation  for  the 
waste  and  want  with  which  the  rebellion  had  visited 
him.  Now,  whether  white  men  or  black  men,  why 
should  we  not  be  permitted  to  invite  them  to  come  ] 
Why  should  we  not  encourage  them  by  the  pecuniary 
advantages  of  a  remunerative  service  ?  Why  not 
weaken  the  walls  of  the  house  of  the  enemy  by  attract 
ing  whatsoever  supports  them  ?  And  how  could  the 
mission  be  more  actively  prosecuted  of  disabusing 
misinformed  southern  men,  and  spreading  over  the 
South,  now  ruined  by  an  insolent  aristocracy,  the 
principles  of  the  democratic  North?  I  venture 
to  suppose  that  the  opportunity  offered  to  any 
inhabitants  of  disloyal  States  of  serving  in  the 


1864.]  SENATE— Xo.  1.  75 

regiments  of  the  patriotic  Free-State  volunteers,  of 
being  helped  and  relieved  by  their  bounties,  of  march 
ing  under  their  tried  and  experienced  commanders, 
shoulder  to  shoulder  with  their  intelligent  vete 
rans  of  the  rank  and  file,  would  be  the  begin- 
.  ning  of  one  of  the  many  moral  victories  of  the  war. 
This  measure,  already  proposed  in  Congress,  of  per 
mitting  all  the  loyal  States  to  recruit  for  their  volun 
teer  corps  in  those  States  to  which  no  contingents  are 
assigned,  I  respectfully  submit,  deserves  the  support 
of  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts. 

o 

Nevertheless,  under  whatever  decisions  and  laws, 
— wit>h  fidelity  and  courage  unswerving  and  indomita 
ble, — her  People  will  do  their  duty. 

This  proposition  is  of  greater  importance  to  the 
Nation  than^  it  is  to  Massachusetts.  The  organized, 
skilled  industry  constantly  at  work,  the  powers  of 
water  and  steam  harnessed  into  the  service  of  man, 
the  stupendous  enginery  of  mechanical  ingenuity,  the 
brain-power  wielding  and  directing  all  these  vast 
and  varied  forces  engaged  in  the  production  of  wealth, 
comfort  and  the  means  wanted  to  maintain  order, 
decorum,  and  the  very  existence  of  society,  are  of 
indispensable  necessity  to  the  whole  country  as  a  con 
dition  of  maintaining  her  armies  and  of  conducting 
the  Avar.  Whenever  one  community  can  furnish  volun- 


76  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

teers  for  our  armies,  and  other  communities  can  afford 
to  pay  them  to  come,  but  cannot  afford  to  spare  their 
own  men  from  their  own  industry,  the  simplest  political 
economy  teaches  the  wastefulness  of  refusing  to  allow 
these  balances  to  be  adjusted  by  the  laws  of  supply 
and  demand.  Not  to  do  so  seems  to  me  as  it  would 
seem  in  mechanics  to  reject  the  use  of  the  lever,  and 
to  insist  on  moving  all  bodies  by  a  dead  lift. 

Do  not  understand  me  to  claim  any  preference  in 
our  own  behalf ;  nor  in  behalf  of  the  New  England 
States  ;  nor  of  any  communities  whose  combinations 
of  labor  and  capital — whose  industry — corresponds  to 

theirs.     The  argument  applies  of  course  alike,  when- 

» 
ever   the    facts     agree ;    and    the    conclusions    which 

follow  from  the  facts  are  the  deductions  of  inexorable 

logic.     Do  not  understand  that  I  would  have   such 

* 
communities  exempted  from  furnishing  a  proportion 

— perhaps  a  major  part — of  their  contingents,  from 
their  own  population.  There  are  those  in  nearly 
every  part  of  the  country  who  can  be  spared  for 
the  military  service.  There  are  those  everywhere 
who  desire  ardently  to  render  it.  There  are  those 
who  ought  not  to  be  exempted  from  it.  And  I  only 
suggest  that  all  the  States  should  be  allowed  to 
recruit  for  their  own  regiments  to  the  amount  of  a 
certain  proportion  of  the  quotas  of  the  new  levies 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  77 

assigned  to  them,  within  those  States  on  which  no 
requisitions  are  made. 

I  have  heard,  in  substance,  but  one  argument  in 
opposition.  It  is  simply  the  argument  based  on  a 
supposed  jealousy  on  the  part  of  certain  States  of  the 
West  or  Northwest,  against  some  of  the  older  Com 
monwealths  where  moneyed  capital  is  more  abundant. 
But  can  it  be  imagined  that  a  great  question  of  public 
economy, — the  supreme  interest  of  all  people  in  all 
the  States  that  the  Arts  of  civilization  shall  not  fail, 
and  Industry,  which  is  their  foundation,  shall  not  be 
broken  down, — is  to  be  settled  against  the  universal 
interest  by  a  sentiment  of  local  jealousy  ?  Those 
who  suggest  it  underrate  their  own  constituencies. 
But  if  they  are  right,  then  let  Massachusetts  be 
specially  excluded  from  the  arrangement.  Let  all 
New  England  be  excluded.  But  let  other  States 
be  privileged  to  recruit  in  the  manner  I  have 
suggested.  It  is  worth  the  while,  simply  for  the 
political  and  military  strength  to  be  gained  to  our  own 
cause,  and  the  weakness  it  would  communicate  to  the 
enemy ;  and  Massachusetts,  I  am  sure,  will  be  con 
tent  to  wait  a  while  for  justice  and  better  views  to 
obtain. 

A  State  system  of  recruiting,  both  of  white  and 
colored  men,  in  the  rebel  States,  will  succeed.  A 


78  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

Federal  system  will  only  partially  succeed.  The  diffi 
culties  inherent  in  bureau-operations  I  do  not  think 
under  the  Federal  system  can  be  seasonably  overcome. 
The  States  raise  State  volunteers  more  rapidly  every 
where  than  troops  can  be  otherwise  accumulated.  It 
has  always  been  so.  The  work  can  be  popularized 
by  their  measures  and  can  be  accommodated  to 
familiar  traditions  and  methods.  When  committed  to 
the  Federal  government  it  is  done  only  after  the  meth 
ods  and  traditions  of  the  regular  army,  which  are  intrin 
sically  ill  adapted  to  the  task.  It  is  well  systematized, 
but  it  wants  life  and  inspiration.  All  experience  I 
have  known,  down  to  this  very  hour,  has  helped  to 
establish  the  opinion  I  have  just  expressed.  Troops 
cannot  be  suddenly  raised,  without  considerable 
time  occupied  in  the  work,  either  by  any  means 
of  volunteering,  or  by  conscription.  The  reasons 
are  both  moral  and  material.  They  were  little 
less  apparent  in  the  summer  of  1861  than  they  are 
now.  With  a  constantly  maintained  and  syste 
matic  plan  of  State  recruiting  I  am  confident  that 
Massachusetts  will  never  fail  of  furnishing  her  military 
contingents.  But,  in  order  to  succeed  well,  the  system 
pursued  should  never  be  suspended ;  it  should  be  uni 
form  and  co-operative.  Bounties  should  be  equal,  paid 
by  the  government,  on  a  maximum  subject  to  reduc 
tion  and  not  inflexibly  the  same. 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  79 

New  England  and  the  Northwest. 

There  ought  to  be  absolute  sympathy  of  feeling, 
as  there  is  community  of  interest,  between  New  Eng 
land  and  the  States  of  the  West.  By  the  census  of 
1860,  560,336  of  the  children  of  New  England, 
natives  of  her  soil,  were  residents  of  other  States  and 
Territories.  Of  the  inhabitants  of  Massachusetts  in 
1860,  970,952  were  American  born,  805,546  were 
natives  of  the  Commonwealth, — the  residue  of  her 
population  being  either  foreign  to  the  State  or  to  the 
country,  by  their  birth.  But  she  had  contributed  to 
other  States  and  Territories  160,692  of  her  own  chil 
dren.  Of  these,  16,313  were  found  in  Ohio,  9,873  in 
Michigan,  3,443  in  Indiana,  19,053  in  Illinois,  3,719 
in  Minnesota,  12,115  in  Wisconsin,  6,214  in  Iowa. 
And  in  Kansas,  where  in  1855  she  made  haste  to 
hoist  the  flag  and  practically  assert  the  principles  of 
Liberty,  and  where  her  sons  have  repeatedly  sealed 
their  testimony  with  their  blood,  1,282  natives  of 

Massachusetts    continued   to    guard    the    outposts    of 

• 
Freedom,  always  menaced    and  frequently  assaulted 

by  the  foes  of  our  common  country  and  the  support 
ers  of  slavery. 

More  than  fifty  millions  of  dollars  of  $Tew  Eng 
land  capital  invested  in  the  railroad  enterprises  of 
the  Great  West;  (to  say  nothing  of  a  probably  equal 


80  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

amount  expended  in  lands,  or  employed  in  loans  and 
.  in  personal  property,)  and  twenty-five  millions  in 
vested  in  mining,  have  been  used  to  develop  the 
splendid  capacity  and  resources  of  those  youthful 
but  sturdy  Commonwealths ;  while  within  the  last 
twenty  years,  three  millions'  of  dollars,  at  least,  and 
how  much  more  I  know  not,  in  voluntary  contribu 
tions  have  found  their  way  from  New  England,  flow 
ing  in  numerous  rills  of  philanthropic  and  religious 
charity,  to  the  churches,  the  schools,  and  the  other 
institutions  of  the  West  devoted  to  learning  and 
religion.  The  young  men  and  maidens  who  annually 
migrate  thither  from  these  Eastern  Commonwealths, 
are  not  only  drawing  after  them  their  share  of  the 
paternal  inheritance,  but  are  always  weaving  a  sym 
pathetic  net-work  of  affection,  reaching  to  cradle  and 
prairie  farm,  from  the  old  homesteads  and  church 
yards  of  New  England.  During  the  last  session  of 
the  Federal  Congress,  the  people  of  the  Great  North 
west  enjoyed  and  recognized  both  the  friendship  and 
the  comprehensive  statesmanship  of  the  Eastern  rep 
resentatives,  in  the  almost  undivided  support  extended 
by  New  England  to  the  project  of  uniting  the  Great 
Lakes  ^ith  the  Mississippi  River,  as  a  National 
measure,  by  a  ship  canal. 

In  respect  to  the   quantity  of  Northwestern  food 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  81 

consumed  in  New  England,  no  means  yet  exist,  to  my 
knowledge,  of  statistically  presenting  the  subject 
in  precise  detail.  That  could  only  be  done  after 
carefully  ascertaining  the  quantities  carried  into  New 
England  by  the  railways,  and  the  coasting  vessels 
from  all  the  ports  on  the  Hudson.  Reasoning  from 
a  few  known  elements  of  calculation,  it  may,  how 
ever,  be  satisfactorily  estimated. 

Foreign  statistical  writers  differ  considerably  in 
their  estimates  of  the  cereal  consumption  of  nations. 
McCulloch  states  the  yearly  consumption  of  England 
at  one  "  quarter  "  of  wheat,  or  eight  bushels  to  each 
inhabitant.  France,  feeding  more  on  bread  and  less 
on  meat,  is  estimated  as  high  as  ten  bushels.  .  But 
New  England,  consuming  largely  of  fish  and  other 
animal  food,  possibly  may  not  exceed  seven  bushels 
to  each  person.  At  seven  bushels  each,  her  3,135,- 
293  inhabitants  would  consume  21,947,051  bushels. 

The  census  of  1860  shows  that  her  own  product  of 
cereals  was  : — 

Of  wheat,  only     .  ...        1,077,285  bushels, 

rye,  only          ....  .        1,417,560       « 

Indian  corn,  only     .  .        9,099,570       « 

Total  yield  of  c.ereals  grown  in  New  England,     11,594,415  bushels. 

But  Massachusetts,  with  a  population  of  1,231,066. 

produced  less  breadstuifs  in  proportion  than  either  of 

11 


82  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

the  New  England  States.  While  her  population 
would,  at  seven  bushels  each,  call  for  8,617,462 
bushels,  her  actual  production  of  cereals  wras  : — 

Of  wheat,  only      .         .         .        V      .         .          119,783  bush  £ls 
rye,  only           .         .         .         *         .  388,085       " 

Indian  corn,  only 2,157,063        " 


Her  total  being  only  .  .       2,664,931  bushels. 

Her  residue  of  breadstufFs,  purchased  of  the  region 
to  the  North  and  West,  allowing  seven  bushels  for 
each  inhabitant  in  the  year  1860,  was  5,952,531  bush 
els  ;  or,  if  she  consumed  at  the  rate  of  eight  bushels, — 
the  computation  of  English  consumption  by  McCul- 
loch, — her  purchase  must  have  been  7.183,597  bush- 
.els.-  More  than  seven-eighths  of  the  whole  cereal  yield 
of  Massachusetts  was  Indian  corn,  of  which  a  very  large 
portion  must  have  been  fed  to  animals.  Her 
proportional  purchase,  therefore,  must  have  been  much 
larger  than  the  average  purchase  of  New  England. 
The  annual  consumption  of  purchased  flour  by 
New  England,  —  at  an  estimate  which  is  sustained 
by  the  computations  I  have  already  made,  —  is  some 
thing  near  3,500,000  barrels,  or  more  than  one  bar 
rel  to  each  inhabitant.  In  the  year  1862,  more  than 
800,000  barrels  of  Western  and  Northern  flour  wrere 
sold  in  Boston  for  domestic  consumption,  or  three- 
fourths  of  a  barrel  for  each  person  in  Massachusetts  ; 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.   .  83- 

which  number  I  assume  must  have  been  equalled 
by  the  sales  in  other  marts  of  the  State. 

But,  to  abridge  a  discussion  which  would  be  too 
protracted  were  the  statistics  to  be  pursued  into 
greater  detail,  1  venture  to  affirm  the  conclusion  that 
the  consumption  of  Western  agricultural  products 
within  the  six  States  of  New  England,  including  flour, 
grain  and  animal  food,  used  for  the  support  of  man 
and  the  forage  of  cattle,  swine  and  horses >  during  the 
year  18613,  reached  the  value  of  $50,000,000,  the 
proportion  of  which  taken  by  Massachusetts  exceeded 
$20,000,000. 

Beside  this,  it  must  be  remarked  that  the  mills  of 
New  England  are  manufacturing  wool  at  the  rate  of 
not  less  than  eighty  million  pounds  annually,  produc 
ing  two-thirds  of  the  woolen  fabrics  made  in  the  United 
States.  Perhaps  thirty-five  million  pounds  are  im 
ported  from  foreign  countries.  The  remaining  forty- 
five  millions  or  more  is  American  grown,  being  about 
two-thirds  of  the  whole  clip,  (according  to  the  last 
census,)  to  which  New  England  affords  a  market.  Her 
own  clip  of  wool  in  I860,  was  less  than  seven  millions 
of  pounds,  out  of  about  forty-nine  millions  produced 
in  the  loyal  States.  Massachusetts,  while  she  raised 
not  more  than  ^th  of  the  clip  of  New  England, 
or  about  i  froth  of  the  clip  of  the  loyal  States,  or 


84  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

part  of  all  the  wool  made  into  American  goods,  manu 
factured  one-third  of  all  the  woolen  fabrics  made  in 
the  Union.  Beside  all  this,  there  is  the  carpet  and 
coarse  blanket  wool,  now  manufactured  in  New  Eng 
land  to  the  quantity  of  twenty  millions  of  pounds. 

Western    Transportation. 

These  calculations  and  statistics  establishing  our 
power  of  consuming  Western  products  illustrate  also 
the  importance  to  the  West  of  extending  its  market 
by  the  cheapening  of  transportation  ;  the  importance 
to  consumers  of  all  classes,  of  cheapening  food  by 
increasing  the  means  of  direct  and  economical 
transportation;  the  importance  to  the  commerce  of 
Boston,  of  bringing  food,  which,  whether  arriving 
here  in  the  forms  of  grain,  flour,  lard,  live  animals,  or 
cut  meats,  is  becoming  of  more  and  more  com 
manding  value  .in  our  commercial  exchanges ;  the 
importance  of  abundant  and  cheap  transportation  for 
fuel,  as  well  as  for  food,  if  we  would  maintain  the 
manufacturing  power  of  New  England.  On  the 
prosperity  of  these  manufactures  depend  not  only  the 
support  of  the  citizens  and  laborers  they  employ,  the 
thrift  of  the  villages  they  created,  but  the  domestic 
markets  for  vegetables,  milk,  fruit,  poultry,  and  other 
products  of  the  field,  the  orchard,  and  garden,  which 
yield  revenue  to  our  own  farmers. 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  85 

An  adequate  treatment  of  this  subject  includes  a 
consideration,  not  only  of  the  procurement  of  cheap 
and  abundant  food  for  our  own  eaters,  of  prosperity 
to  our  manufacturers  and  mechanics,  of  lively  domes 
tic  markets,  of  local  welfare  all  over  Massachusetts, 
but  of  our  growth  and  permanence  as  a  commercial 
people.  It  spans  the  ocean,  it  scales  the  mountains, 
bridges  the  rivers,  and  steams  over  the  great  lakes, 
strengthening  us  at  home  by  its  unifying  of  interests 
between  West  arid  East,  and  contributing  to  the 
power,  influence  and  ubiquity  of  our  commerce  on 
every  sea. 

GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  SENATE  AND 

OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES  : 

Several  topics — among  others,  of  the  militia — 
omitted  from  this  Address,  already  long,  can  be 
better  matured  hereafter,  should  occasion  demand 
their  discussion.  I  must  not  omit  to  bear  public 
testimony  again  to  the  efficient  manner  in  which  the 
recruitment  of  volunteers  is  conducted  through  the 
municipal  governments.  The  work  is  brought 
directly  home  to  the  people.  Led  by  their  own 
local  magistrates,  it  is  patriotically  done.  I'ime,  an 
element  not  usually  understood,  will  enable  them 
to  nil  our  contingent.  I  can  never  express  my 


86  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan. 

sense  of  the  sublime  devotion  to  public  duty  I  have 
witnessed  in  this  people  from  my  watch-tower  of 
observation  ;  nor  the  gratitude  I  owe  for  their  indul 
gent  consideration. 

But  the  heart  swells  with  unwonted  emotion 
when  we  remember  our  sons  and  brothers,  whose 
constant  valor  has  sustained  on  the  field,  during  nearly 
three  years  of  war,  the  cause  of  our  country,  of  civili 
zation,  and  liberty.  Our  volunteers  have  repre 
sented  Massachusetts,  during  the  year  just  ended,  on 
almost  every  field  and  in  every  department  of  the 
army  where  our  flag  has  been  unfurled.  At  Chan 
cellors  ville,  Gettysburg,  Vicksburg,  Port  Hudson, 
and  Fort  Wagner,  at  Chattanooga,  Knoxville,  and 
Chickamauga — under  Hooker,  and  Meade,  and  Banks, 
and  Gillmore,  and  llosecrans,  Burnside,  and  Grant, — 
in  every  scene  of  danger  and  of  duty,  along  the 
Atlantic  and  the  Gulf,  on  the  Tennessee,  the  Cum 
berland,  the  Mississippi  and  the  Rio  Grande, — under 
Dupont  and  Dahlgren,  and  Foote,  and  Farragut  and 
Porter, — the  sons  of  Massachusetts  have  borne  their 
part,  and  paid  the  debt  of  patriotism  and  valor. 
Ubiquitous  as  the  stock  they  descend  from,  national 
in  their  'opinions  and  universal  in  their  sympathies, 
they  have  fought  shoulder  to  shoulder  with  men  of 
all  sections  and  of  every  extraction.  On  the  ocean, 


1864.]  SENATE— No.  1.  87 

on  the  rivers,  on  the  land,  on  the  heights  where  they 
thundered  down  from  the  clouds  of  Lookout  Moun 
tain  the  defiance  of  the  skies,  they  have  graven  with 
their  swords  a  record  imperishable. 

The  Muse  herself  demands  the  lapse  of  silent 
years  to  soften,  by  the  influences  of  Time,  her  too 
keen  and  poignant  realization  of  the  scenes  of  War — 
the  pathos,  the  heroism,  the  fierce  joy,  the  grief,  of 
battle.  But,  during  the  ages  to  come,  she  will  brood 
over  their  memory.  Into  the  hearts  of  her  conse 
crated  priests  will  breathe  the  inspirations  of  lofty  and 
undying  Beauty,  Sublimity  and  Truth,  in  all  the 
glowing  forms  of  speech,  of  literature  and  plastic  art. 
By  the  homely  traditions  of  the  fireside — by  the 
head-stones  in  the  church-yard,  consecrated  to  those 
whose  forms  repose  far  off  in  rude  graves  by 
the  Rappahannock,  or  sleep  beneath  the  sea,— 
embalmed  in  the  memories  of  succeeding  genera 
tions  of  parents  and  children,  the  heroic  dead  will 
live  on  in  immortal  youth.  By  their  names,  their 
character,  their  service,  their  fate,  their  glory,  they 
cannot  fail ; — 

"They  never  fail  who  die 

In  a  great    cause ;    the  block  may  soak  their  gore ; 
Their  heads  may  sodden  in  the  sun,  their  limbs 
Be  strung  to  city  gates  and  castle  walls ; 
But  still  their  spirit  walks  abroad.    Though  years 


88  GOVERNOR'S  ADDRESS.  [Jan.  '64 

Elapse  and  others  share  as  dark  a  doom, 

They  but  augment  the  deep  and  sweeping  thoughts 

Which  overpower  all  others,  and  conduct 

The  world  at  last  to   FREEDOM." 

The  edict  of  Nantes  maintaining  the  religious  lib 
erty  of  the  Huguenots  gave  lustre  to  the  fame  of 
Henry  the  Great,  whose  name  will  gild  the  pages  of 
philosophic  history  after  mankind  may  have  forgot 
ten  the  martial  prowess  and  the  white  plume  of  Na 
varre.  THE  GREAT  PROCLAMATION  OF  LIBERTY  will 
lift  the  Ruler  who  uttered  it.  our  Nation  and  our 
Age,  above  all  vulgar  destiny. 

The  bell  which  rang  out  the  declaration  of  Inde 
pendence,  has  found  at  last  a  voice  articulate,  to 
"  Proclaim  Liberty  throughout  all  the  Land  and  to  all 
the  Inhabitants  thereof."  It  has  been  heard  across 
oceans,  and  has  modified  the  sentiments  of  cabinets 
and  kings.  The  people  of  the  old  world  have  heard 
it,  and  their  hearts  stop  to  catch  the  last  whisper  of 
its  echoes.  The  poor  slave  has  heard  it,  and  with 
bounding  joy,  tempered  by  the  mystery  of  religion,  he 
worships  and  adores.  The  waiting  Continent  has 
heard  it,  and  already  foresees  the  fulfilled  prophecy, 
when  she  will  sit  "  redeemed,  regenerated  and  disen 
thralled  by  the  Genius  of  Universal  Emancipation  " 


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